A) Full Translation Equivalents - раздел Образование, Linguistic aspect of translation From The Previous Discussion (Bearing In Mind Differences In Mental Images St...
From the previous discussion (bearing in mind differences in mental images standing for the equivalent words in different languages and context dependence of equivalents) it may be righteously presumed that one can hardly find truly full and universal equivalents for a word. However, as you all know practical translation dates back to ancient times and since then translations are commonly regarded and used as full-pledged substitutes of the relevant source texts. That is why despite contradicting theoretical evidence full equivalence is commonly accepted as a convenient makeshift.
This rule applies both to individual words and their regular combinations. Speaking generally, translation equivalents of all words and word combinations one finds in a good dictionary are full because the translation practice reflected in dictionaries shows them as complete substitutes universally accepted by the speakers' community of the target language (i. e. as pragmatically equivalent).
Of them the stylistically neutral words with reference meanings25 (terms, geographical and proper names, words denoting physical objects and processes) are more likely to have full translation equivalents because semantic and pragmatic parts of their meaning are less ambiguous.
LANGUAGE AND EXTRALINGUISTIC... WORLD... This Lecture...
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A) Full Translation Equivalents
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LANGUAGE SYSTEM: PARADIGMS AND SYNTAGMAS
This Lecture:
• introduces the concepts of a system;
• introduces the notion of language as a system existing in formal and semantic planes;
• attributes linguistic sign
Lecture 2. Сommunicative aspect of translation.
This Lecture
• introduces the concepts of:
• (a) communication;
• (b) components communication consists of (message, message sender, message recipient);
• (c) wa
TRANSLATION DEFINITION
In this Lecture the reader will:
• find the definition of translation as an object of linguistic Study terms of process and outcome;
• fi
And shows both the strength and limitations of each.
In this lecture we shall discuss the most common theoretical approaches to human translation paying special attention to their limitations and ability to explain the translation process.
TRANSLATION RANKING
The lecture deals with:
• various ranks of translation;
• means to ensure adequate translation which have been suggested by different scholars and translation ranks;
• f
B) Partial Translation Equivalents
To understand the partiality and incompleteness of translation equivalence let us consider the syntactic, semantic and pragmatic aspects of equivalence, because the partiality of equivalence is, as
Lecture 5. TRANSLATION AND STYLE
This Lecture
deals with the style as an essential component of adequate translation;
introduces:
• major styles: belles-lettres (prose, poetry, drama); pu
Transformations in translation.
This Lecture
• introduces the notion of:
• transformation as a change of thesource text *t the syntactic levelduring translation,
•
English Verbal Complexes
A verbal complex is a unique structure of the English language system missing in Ukrainian. The complex includes a predicate verb, an object and an object predicate comprising either Infinitive or
Gender Forms
The category of Noun Gender is known to be expressed in English indirectly: either through pronouns or by lexical means. This information is to be born in mind by translators when translating from
Partitioning
Partitioning is either replacing in translation of a source sentence by two or more target ones or converting a simple source sentence into a compound or complex target one.
One is to dist
Integration
Integration is the opposite of partitioning, it implies combining two or (seldom) more source sentences into one target sentence.
Generally, integration is a translation device who
Transposition
Transposition is a peculiar variety of inner partitioning in translation meaning a change in the order of the target sentence syntactic elements (Subject, Predicate, Object, etc.) as compared with
Replacement
•* Replacement is any change in the target text at the morphological, lexical and syntactic levels of the language when the elements of certain source paradigms are replaced by different elements
Lecture 11. FACTORS INFLUENCING THE CHOICE OF EQUIVALENTS
This Lecture:
• outlines basic factors that influence the choice of translation equivalents, i.e. context, situation and background information;
• defines context varieties and th
Translation varieties.
This Lecture:
• introduces the classification of translation based on physical parameters;
• familiarizes the students with sub-categories of translation depending on genre;
Literary translation
This Lecture:
• describes written translation subcategories;
• introduces the notion of hypertext;
• discusses challenges facing a literary translator.
As mentio
Lecture 7. Translation into English.
This Lecture:
emphasizes the essential features to be remembered by the students when
translating into English:
• pre-determined order of words in a s
This Lecture compares: working environments
• written translators and interpreters;
• consecutive and simultaneous interpreter approaches - denotative and connotative,
and tools the
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