Mill roll lubrication to cut costs - раздел Иностранные языки, АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК
A 15% Reduction In Mill Power Consumption, A 10% Increase ...
A 15% reduction in mill power consumption, a 10% increase in work roll life and a 20% reduction of mill load are the result of employing hot mill roll lubricants. The correct selection and method of application is essential in achieving such results.
Although the subject of hot roll lubrication has been around for a long time, recent experience has confirmed its value and benefit to the mill owner and their customers; the key is a professional approach and a commitment by all parties to make it work.
In an environment where supply exceeds demand and customers seek even higher quality, cost competitiveness is the essence of survival, supported by technical innovation and intensive customer focus. Suppliers who know their customers will understand these pressures and will come forward with ideas and proposals from which all can benefit, ultimately resulting in reduced cost per tonne of steel rolled. In the case of hot roll lubrication, reduced mill power consumption and lower loads, fewer roll changes with less regrinds, higher output and improved strip surface finish can all be achieved along the way.
With a growing number of success stories to support these claims and thus raise interest, the first step is to discuss the principles with a trusted supplier who can provide quantitative data on specific examples and, following a detailed survey of the candidate mill, make specific proposals and estimates of likely costs and benefits.
Factored into the discussions must be manpower resources, since in almost every case where such a project has failed or been aborted part-way through, the commitment of those involved has been short-lived. Success and access to the consequent benefits depend on maintaining this commitment.
Some suppliers will offer a trial on a single stand before committing to a larger installation. In such cases, 'portable' equipment is fitted and connected by experts, who, working with the mill personnel, optimize the trial to suit the mill characteristics and rolling programme. Comparison of pre- and post-installation data will confirm the viability of the principles and study of the quantitative results will determine whether a full installation is to be made.
During a successful one month trial of Shell Fenella Hot Rolling oil at a modern steel complex in India, a 15% reduction in power consumption, a 10% increase in work roll life and a 20% reduction of load were recorded. The customer has since requested a permanent installation on four of the six stands. This is now being commissioned. Furthermore, the mill management's confidence that theory could be translated into practice has been totally vindicated and has been an inspiration to the mill operators. The control system for the oil delivery equipment has been fully integrated into the mill, computers and now operates automatically according to the type of strip and its dimensions and many-other relevant parameters.
At an earlier installation in Western Europe, roll load reductions of 20% were observed, with a drop in power consumption of between 10% and 38% according to the material being rolled. The final conclusions were that, in addition to the major benefits, roll durability was increased, vibration during oil application was decreased and environmental limits on airborne emissions were not exceeded.
The lubricants are delivered to the roll bite as a dispersion, rather than as an emulsion and are volatilized as they contact the hot strip; any small quantities that find their way into the cooling water will rapidly separate into oil and water phases for easy disposal.
Все темы данного раздела:
My Speciality
I. Повторите и запомните следующие слова:
1) choose (chose,
chosen), v
– выбирать
2) daily, adj
My Speciality
There are many faculties in the South Urals State University. But those students who have chosen the career in metallurgy study at the Metallurgical department. I’m a student of the Metallurgical D
Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Metals. Alloys
I. Повторите, запомните следующие слова:
1) appearance, n – внешний вид
2) compose, v – составлять
3) dense, a – плотный
4) feature, n – особенно
Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Metals. Alloys
It is known that metals are very important in our life. Metals have the greatest importance for industry. About two thirds of all elements found in the earth are metals. It is diffi
Iron and Iron Ores
I. Повторите и запомните следующие слова:
1) associate, v – соединять(ся)
2) as well as – также, а также
3) cheap, a – дешевый
4) cost, n – стоимость
5)
Iron and Iron Ores
Iron is the only metal that can be found in almost every part of the world. It’s the fourth element in abundance on the earth, being exceeded by oxygen, silicon and aluminum. It is the cheapest of
Grey Cast Iron
I. Повторите и запомните следующие слова:
1) distribution, n – распределение, распространение
2) flake, n – чешуйка, хлопья (мн.ч.)
3) include, v – включать
4) s
Grey Cast Iron
Grey cast iron is one of the most valued of cast metals. It may be made by melting pig iron and scrap in the cheapest of melting processes, the cupola, and then cast into sand molds
Casting
I. Повторите и запомните следующие слова:
1) accurate, a – точный
2) allow, v – позволять, разрешать
3) cavity, n – полость, пустота
4) hot, a – горячий
Casting
Casting is the oldest method of forming metals. Basically it consists of melting and pouring liquid metal into a cavity of the desired size and shape and allowing the metal to solidify. There are n
Metals and Non–Metals
I. Повторите и запомните следующие слова и словосочетания:
1) alloying element – легирующий элемент
2) alkali metal – щелочной металл
3) base metal – основной металл
Metals and Non–Metals
Among the more obvious distinctions between different kinds of elements is that which divides metals and nonmetals. Metals are distinguished from nonmetals by their high conductivity for heat and e
Corrosion
I. Повторите и запомните следующие слова:
1) damp air – влажный воздух
2) deposit, n – осадок, осаждать
3) destruction, n – разрушение
4) dilute,
Corrosion
It has long been known that metals can undergo changes in which they lose their characteristic properties; in most cases, the metal ceases to be an element, and becomes a compound. Iron exposed to
The Iron Blast Furnace
I. Повторите и запомните следующие слова:
1) carry up, v – поднимать
2) consume, v – потреблять
3) drop, v – опускать
4) float, v – плавать
5) flow, n –
The Iron Blast Furnace
Pig iron is one of the most important materials produced in the metallurgical industry. It is generally produced from the iron ore by chemical reduction process of iron conducted in
Bessemer Converter
I. Повторите, запомните следующие слова:
1) affinity, n – сродство, родственность
2) capacity, n – емкость, мощность, производительность
3) interior, n – внутренность, вн
Bessemer Converter
Molten pig iron, gaseous oxygen and steel scrap are the main constituents for making steel in the converter. Pig iron contains carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulphur and silicon in
Open-Hearth Furnace
I. Повторите и запомните следующие слова:
1) damper, n – заглушка
2) capacity, n, v – емкость, производительность
3) checkerwork, n – насадка
4) combustion, n –
Open-Hearth Furnace
The phenomenal success of the Bessemer process attracted many other inventors to the study of new and improved methods of steelmaking. The only process which was destined to become a rival of the B
Electric Furnace
I. Повторите и запомните следующие слова:
1) accomplish, v – совершать, выполнять
2) advantage, n – преимущество, польза
3) arc, n – дуга
4) conductor, n – прово
Electric Furnace
Numerous types of furnaces utilizing electric current as the source of heat have been developed by a large number of investigators, but relatively few types have survived as practic
Continuous Casting of Steel
I. Повторите и запомните следующие слова:
1) apply, v – применять, прикладывать
2) completely, adv – совершенно, полностью
3) conventional, adj – общепринятый, стандартны
Continuous Casting of Steel
Continuous casting as at present applied to the production of steel may be defined as a process in which liquid metal is poured into an open-ended mould, from the lower end of which a partially sol
Types of Mills
I. Повторите и запомните следующие слова:
1) accessories, n – принадлежности, арматура
2) billet, n – заготовка, сутунка
3) blooms, n – блюм, стальная болванка
4
Types of Mills
The three principal types of rolling mills used for the rolling of steel are referred to as "two-high", "three-high", and "four-high mills". As the names indicate, the
The Physics and Chemistry of Metallurgy
I. Повторите и запомните следующие слова:
1) fundamentals, n – основы
2) matter, n – материя, вещество,
3) correlation, n – соотношение
4. to reveal, v –
The physics and chemistry of metallurgy
Metallurgy is a science dealing with the constitution, structure and properties of metals and alloys, and the processes by which they are obtained from ores and adapted for the use
Relation of Metallurgy to Physics and Chemistry
I. Повторите и запомните следующие слова:
1) involve, v – включать в себя, подразумевать
2) outwardly, adv – внешне, снаружи
3) earthy, a – земляной, зерн
Relation of Metallurgy to Physics and Chemistry
In principle, steelmaking involves only a relatively, outwardly simple steps. Principal iron ores consist of combinations of iron with oxygen (iron oxides), mixed with varying percentages of useles
Protection of Steel from Corrosion
I. Повторите и запомните следующие слова:
1) application, n – применение, приведение в действие 2) environment, n – окружающая среда
3) coat, v – грунтовать, нанос
Protection of Steel from Corrosion
Everybody knows how widely steel and iron products are used. But almost in all applications regardless of the environment, these products are coated by some means in order to preven
Induction Furnaces. Puddling Furnaces.
I. Повторите и запомните следующие слова:
1) core, n – сердечник, стержень
2) excess, n – избыток, излишек
3) insure, v – обеспечивать
4) quite, adv – впо
Induction Furnaces. Puddling Furnaces
Induction Furnaces. Induction furnaces are of two types – the coreless high-frequency type and the cored units which operate at low frequency. Principles of operation of both units are simil
Problems of Automation of Blast Furnace
I. Повторите и запомните следующие слова:
1) considerable, a – значительный, важный, большой
2) associated, а – связанный, объединенный
3) denote, v – означать
Problems of Automation of Blast Furnace
In the course of the past few years, a considerable amount of time and money has been spent studying the blast furnace process, and discussing with the operators some of the problems associated wit
Hot Working and Hot Working Processes
I. Повторите и запомните следующие слова:
1) bar, n пруток, – брусок
2) draw, v – тянуть, волочить (проволоку)
3) hammer, n,v – молот, ковать
4) prevent, n – пре
Hot Working and Hot Working Processes
Hot working entails plastic deformation of metals at temperatures where strain hardening does not occur. Hot working is done for two reasons: to shape metal into useful objects; and
Cold Working and Cold Working Processes
Cold working drastically changes the mechanical properties of metals, the most important being increase in strength and hardness with a simultaneous reduction of ductility. The meta
Oxy-fuel combustion for reheat furnaces
Steel Times International APRIL 2002
The use of oxy-fuel burners in reheat furnaces greatly reduces the volume of flue gas produced which in turn leads to lower h
Heat transfer.
The total heat transfer occurring within a furnace can be broken down into four main areas:
– radiant heat transfer from the flame to the product;
– radiant heat transfer from the
Benefits of oxy-fuel combustion.
The main benefits of oxy-fuel can be summarized as:
Higher furnace productivity. As a result of the improved thermal efficiency of the furnace and the improved heat transfer charact
The European Steel Industry and Climate Change Legislation
While Europe chastises the USA for not signing up to the Kyoto Protocol to limit CO2 emissions, the US argues that – taking carbon sinks into the equation – Europe is a b
Energy efficiency.
The steel industry's generation of carbon dioxide (CO2) is mainly associated with the chemical reaction of carbon and iron ore in blast furnaces producing molten iron, which is then conv
Energy taxation.
The European Commission proposed in March 1997 a Directive for restructuring the Community framework for the taxation of energy products – COM(97) 30 – and various alternatives have been discussed
Emission trading.
On 23 October 2001 the European Commission adopted a proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a framework for greenhouse gas emission trading within the E
Cold rolling.
Different parameters are required for the cold rolling mill, where the selection of a robust product will pay for itself in terms of maximizing speeds and strip quality, increasing roll life and ex
Uzbekistan woos foreign investors
Uzbek iron and steel works Joint Stock Manufacturing Amalgamation (Uzmetcombinat) was established in 1994 through a merger of the Uzbek metallurgy plant, the Shirin machine building
СПИСОК СОКРАЩЕНИЙ
1. General Electric Co. – Company
2. Ltd (Britain) - limited responsibility – корпорация из нескольких
владельцев и вице президентов 3. OD. – outside diameter 4. ID. – ins
Новости и инфо для студентов