Проведите грамматический анализ текста 1, найдите в нем инфинитивные и причастные конструкции. Переве дите предложения. - раздел Иностранные языки, Английский язык. Основы компьютерной грамотности 6. Переведите Сложные Предложения:
А) Бессоюзные; ...
6. Переведите сложные предложения:
А) бессоюзные; В) с сочинительной связью.Запомните следующие сочинительные союзы: and, but, or, while, both ... and, as well as, not only... but also, either... or, neither... nor.
A) 1. The computer you told me about was constructed at a Russian plant. 2 We hope we'll buy the computer your friend spoke so much about 3. This is the principle the electronic computer is based upon. 4. The teacher says we may ask any questions we like. 5. Elements integrated circuits are made of are electrically interconnected components. 6. The main tendencies of 1С development scientists are working at are to increase the scale of
135 Unit 10. Personal Computers
integration and to improve reliability. 7. — Where are the computer games I gave you yesterday? — The computer games you are asking about are on the top shelf. 8. He was one of the greatest scientists the world had ever known.
B) 1. These devices can perform both the input and output functions. 2. Data are recorded on magnetic discs and tapes either by outputting the data from primary storage or by using a data recorder. 3. Neither-the programmer nor tha analyst could explain the cause of the computer errors. 4. Data as well as instructions must flow into and out of primary storage. 5. This grammar exercise is not only too long but also very difficult. 6. Printers may be either impact ornonimpact. 7. Character printers are used with all microcomputers as well as on computers of all sizes. 8. Both primary and secondary storage contain data and the instructions for processing the data. 9. The CPU functional units can be in one of two states: either "on" or"ofF\ 10. High-speed devices are both input and output devices that are used as secondary storage.
7. Ознакомьтесь с терминами текста 2.
word processing — обработка текста
telephone dialing ['tebfoun 'daishn] — набор номера телефона
security [sa'kjuanti] — безопасность; охрана appliance [ap'laians] — устройство; прибор
maintenance ['memtsnansl — поддержание; сохранение; эксплуатация
application software — прикладные программы to delete [di'Iiit] — удалять; стирать; очищать память to move paragraphs around — менять местами абзацы accountant [a'kauntsnt] — бухгалтер accounting [a'kauntirj] — бухгалтерский учет income tax ['тклт 'taeks] — подоходный налог stock market forecasting — биржевые прогнозы worksheet ['wakjlt] — электронная таблица
Английский язык. Основы компьютерной грамотности 136
scheduling ['JedjulirjJ— составление расписания, графика computer-assisted instructions — компьютерные команды to meet the demands — удовлетворять потребности record keeping — регистрация; ведение записей grading ['greidirj] — оценивание; классификация
8. Прочтите текст и укажите сферы деятельности, где используются персональные компьютеры.
Text 2. APPLICATION OF PERSONAL COMPUTERS
Personal computers have a lot of applications, however, there are some major categories of applications: home and hobby, word processing, professional, educational, small business and engineering and scientific.
Home and hobby. Personal computers enjoy great popularity among experimenters and hobbyists. They are an exciting hobby. All hobbyists need not be engineers or programmers. There are many games that use the full capabilities of a computer to provide many hours of exciting leisure-time adventure.
The list of other home and hobby applications of PCs is almost endless, including: checking account management, budgeting, personal finance, planning, investment analyses, telephone answering and dialing, home security, home environment and climate control, appliance control, calendar management, maintenance of address and mailing lists and what not.
Word processing. At home or at work, applications software, called a word processing program, enables you to correct or modify any document in any manner you wish before printing it. Using the CRT monitor as a display screen, you are able to view what you have typed to correct mistakes in spelling or grammar, add or delete sentences, move paragraphs around, and replace words. The letter or document can be stored on a diskette for future use.
Professional. The category of professional includes persons making extensive use of word processing, whose occupations are particularly suited to the desk-top use of PCs. Examples of other occupations are accountants, financial advisors, stock brokers,
137______________________ Unit 10. Personal Computers
tax consultants, lawyers, architects, engineers, educators and all levels of managers. Applications programs that are popular with persons in these occupations include accounting, income tax preparation, statistical analysis, graphics, stock market forecasting and computer modeling. The electronic worksheet is, by far, the computer modeling program most widely used by professionals. It can be used for scheduling, planning, and the examination of "what if situations.
Educational. Personal computers are having and will continue to have a profound influence upon the classroom, affecting both the learner and the teacher. Microcomputers are making their way into classrooms to an ever-increasing extent, giving impetus to the design of programmed learning materials that can meet the demands of student and teacher.
Two important types of uses for personal computers in education are computer-managed instruction (CMI), and computer-assisted instruction (CAI). CMI software is used to assist the instructor in the management of all classroom-related activities, such as record keeping, work assignments, testing, and grading. Applications of CAI include mathematics, reading, typing, computer literacy, programming languages, and simulations of real-world situations
9. Ответьте на вопросы, используя информацию текста.
1. What are the main spheres of PC application? 2. Do you enjoy computer games? 3. Is it necessary for a person to be an analyst or a programmer to play computer games? 4. What other home and hobby applications, except computer games, can you name? 5. What is "a word processing program"? 6. What possibilities can it give you? 7. Can you correct mistakes while typing any material and how? 8. What other changes in the typed text can you make using a display? 9. Which professions are in great need of computers? 10. How can computers be used in education?
10. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих
словосочетаний:
Много областей применения; тем не менее; обработка текстов; пользоваться популярностью; любители; способности компьютера; бесконечный перечень; анализ инвестиций; набор номера телефона; автоответчик; ведение кален-
Participle Active Passive Present using being used Past ------------ used Perfect having used Having been used
|
Английский язык. Основы компьютерной грамотности 138
даря; хранение адресов и почты; и так далее; прикладные программы; исправлять ошибки в написании; стирать предложения; переставлять абзацы; бухгалтер; биржевые брокеры; консультант по налогам; юристы; работники образования; управленцы; бухгалтерский учет; подоходный налог; компьютерное моделирование; электронные таблицы; составление расписания; оказывать огромное влияние; прокладывать путь; дать толчок; удовлетворять потребности; учебная деятельность; компьютерная грамотность; моделирование реально-жизненных ситуаций.
11. Найдите в текстах 1 и2 слова:
a) близкие по значению следующим словам:
Verbs: to print; to produce; to convert; to keep; to found; to erase; to name; to change; to use; to start; to switch on; to supply; to give possibility; to involve.
Nouns: rate; analyst; possibilities; use; plays; control; post; mode; profession; consultant; teacher; director; book-keeper; fight; producer; attack; amateur; device; crystal; error; storage; primary (memory); monitor; characteristic; aim.
Adjectives: flexible; thrilling; main; little; general;
b) противоположные по значению следующим словам:
Verbs:to finish; to switch on; to take; to delete.
Nouns; online; input; work.
Adjectives: cheep; weak; common; general; large; soft; high; easy.
Все темы данного раздела:
Ознакомьтесь с терминами текста 1.
computer literacy [ksm'pjute 'litsrasi] — компьютерная
грамотность problem-solving device — устройство, обеспечивающее
решение задачи
be aware of [bi a'wesr ov] — понимат
Вспомните образование и случаи употребления The PastSimple Tense.
А. Назовите три формы следующих неправильных глаголов:
То be; to have; to mean; to learn; to become; to bring; to know; to think; to buy; to pay; to take; to d
Ознакомьтесь с терминами текста 2
intricate ['mtnkit] — сложный, запутанный, electronic circuit [sbkt'romk 'sa:kit] — электронная цепь, схема
to operate switches [ops'reit 'switfiz] — приводить в действие переключатели
Text 2. WHAT IS A COMPUTER?
A computer is a machine with an intricate network of electronic circuits that operate switches or magnetize tiny metal cores. The switches, like the cores, are capable of being in one or two possi
Вставьте необходимые слова вместо пропусков.
1. Information is given into the computer in the form of
a) ideas; b) characters; c) rules
2. The basic function of a comp
Подберите к терминам, данным в левой колонке, определения, представленные справа.
1. Computer a) a machine by which information is re-
ceived from the computer;
2. Data b) a device capable of storing and manip-
ulating numbers, letters
Ознакомьтесь с терминами текста 1
calculating device [ksllcjiK'leitin di'vais] — вычислительное
устройство
multiple ['nultiplj — кратный
abacus ['aebakss] — счеты
slide rule ['slaid 'nil] — логар
Text У. THE FIRST CALCULATING DEVICES
Let us take a look at the history of computers that we know today. The very first calculating device used was the ten fingers of a man's hands. This, in fact, is why today we still count in tens an
Подберите вместо пропусковподходящее по смыслу слово.
1. British scientists invented a___ way of multiplying and
dividing.
a) mechanical; b) electrical; c) optical
2. A new branch of mathematics,____ , was invented in
Прочтите текст и скажите, как вы понимаете термины «обработка информации» и «иерархия запоминания информации».
Text 1. DATA PROCESSING AND DATA PROCESSING SYSTEMS
The necessary data are processed by a computer to become useful information. In fact this is th
Подберите к терминам, данным в левой колонке, опре деления, представленные справа.
1.Computer ' a) the set of instructions that direct
the operations of computers;
2. Computer literacy • b) a part of a computer, entering
data into the d
Вспомните значение новых слов и догадайтесь о зна чении их производных.
То eliminate: elimination; eliminable; eliminator; unlimited.
To respond: respondent; response; responsible; irresponsible; responsibility.
Accuracy: inaccura
Прочтите текст и скажите, о каких типах компьютеров и сферах их применения вы узнали.
Text 1.COMPUTER SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
As we know all computer systems perform the functions of inputting, storing, processing, controlling, and outpu
Types of computers
The two basic types of computers are analog and digital. Analog computers simulate physical systems. They operate on the basis of an analogy to the process that is being studied. For ex-
Переведите предложения, содержащие Participle I и Participle II, в функции обстоятельства.
1. When entering the Internet, I always find a lot of interesting information. 2. Though never built Babbage's analytical engine was the basis for designing today's computers. 3. When written in a
Вспомните значение новых слов и попытайтесь пере вести словосочетания, употребляемые с этими словами.
Architecture: communication architecture; computer architecture; disk architecture; microprocessor architecture; network architecture; security architecture; system architecture; virtual ar
STEPS IN THE DEVELOPING OF COMPUTERS
1. In 1948 due to the invention of transistors there appeared the possibility to replace vacuum tubes. The transistor occupied an important place on the way to computer development. The
Согласуйте слова в левой колонке с их интерпретацией, предложенной справа.
1. Computer a) a combination of interconnected
circuit elements produced in a chip to perform a definite function
2. Analog computer b) a sequence of instructions en-
ab
Unit 5. Computer Systems: An Overview
Crossword 1.
Horizontally
1. A
Вспомните значение новых слов и попытайтесь переве сти словосочетания, употребляемые с этими словами.
Computer, analog computer; digital computer; hybrid computer; all-purpose computer; general-purpose computer; fifth-generation computer; game computer; handheld computer; mobile computer; m
Прочтите текст 2 и скажите, какую дополнительную информацию вы узнали о действии основных устройств компьютера.
Text 2. SOME FEATURES OF A DIGITAL COMPUTER
It should be noticed that even in a large-scale digital system, such as in a computer, or in a data-processing, control
Вспомните значение новых слов и попытайтесь переве сти словосочетания, употребляемые с этими словами.
Storage: available storage; buffer storage; computer storage; data storage; magnetic disk storage; magnetic tape storage; input storage; intermediate storage; internal storage; laser storag
Ознакомьтесь с терминами текста 2.
medium (pi. media) — носитель; среда capacity — емкость; объем (памяти); пропускная способность
media capacity — емкость носителя
data access time — время доступа к данным
Опишите схему.
93__________________________________ Unit 7. Storage
13. Переведите предложения, содержащие всевозможные формы причастий: Participle I, Participle II,
DIGITAL COMPUTER OPERATION
1. A digital computer is a machine capable of performing operations on data represented in digital or number form. The individual operations performed by a digital computer are very simple arithmet
TESTS 1. Вставьте вместо пропусков необходимые слова.
1. The time required for the computer to locate and transfer data in the storage device is called the data____ time.
a) sequence; b) access; c) value
2.______ memories have no
Вспомните значение новых слов и попытайтесь перевести словосочетания, употребляемые с этими словами.
Direction: backward direction; clockwise direction; counterclockwise direction; data direction; forward direction; inverse / reverse direction; negative direction; positive direction; print
Английский язык. Основы компьютерной грамотности 102
ical parts, their data access time being longer than is that of electronic memories. 8. For this reason most computer systems use el
Text 2. THE CPU MAIN COMPONENTS
As it is known the two functional units of the CPU are the control unit (CU) and the arithmetic-logical unit (ALU). The control unit manages and coordinates the entire computer system. It obtains
MICROPROCESSOR - A BRAIN ТО THE HARDWARE
1. The microprocessor forms the heart of a microcomputer. The first microprocessors were developed in 1971 as a branch of pocket calculator development. Since then there has been a trem
Английский язык. Основы компьютерной грамотности 122
14. Ознакомьтесь с терминами текста 3.
human-readable form — удобная для чтения форма performance [pa'fxmsns] — (р
Переведите безличные предложения. Обратите внима ние на их специфику.
1. 7/ is well known that personal computers enjoy great popularity among experimenters and hobbyists. 2. // took years to produce a high-speed computer performing a lot of functions. 3. When makin
A MODEM
The piece of equipment that allows a computer to communicate with other computers over telephone lines is called a modem. The modem allows the individual to access information from all over the w
Английский язык. Основы компьютерной грамотности 142
is made up of random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM). Because RAM is only temporary storage, all microcomputers require some
Вставьте необходимые слова вместо пропусков.
1. A personal computer is a small relatively inexpensive de-
vice designed for an individual__________ .
a) person; b) producer; c) user
2. One of the fi
Text 1. COMPUTER PROGRAMMING
Programming is the process of preparing a set of coded instructions which enables the computer to solve specific problems or to perform specific functions. Theiessence of computer programmingjis
Переведите предложения, содержащие сослагательное наклонение.
1.1should like to be a top specialist in computer technology. 2. It is necessary that the program should be debugged (отлажена) by a programmer. 3. It is required that the program
Text 2. PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
Let's assume that we have studied the problem, designed a \
logical plan (our flowchart or pseudocode), and are now ready \
to write the program instructions. The pr
FORTRAN IV
The FORTRAN IVlanguage is oriented toward solving problems of a mathematical nature. The name FORTRAN comes from the combination of the words formula translation. The versi
Переведите условные сложноподчиненные предложе ния. Обратите внимание на форму выражения разных типов условия.
I. 1. If you try very hard you can master any language. 2. If you want to master any language you must know at least three thousand words. 3. You willimprove your pronuncia
RPG II Programming language
RPG IIis a business-oriented language. The name stands for report program generator. RPG is considerably different from other programming languages. RPG is, in effect, a large prew
The conversion of symbolic languages
As we see, most of the symbolic languages are oriented toward the particular application areas of business or science (math). The one problem with all symbolic languages is that none of them can b
Running the computer program
The operating system is a collection of program provided by the computer's manufacturer that allows us to shedule jobs for the computer, to translate source programs into object programs, to sort d
Определите неличные формы глагола, содержащиеся в следующих предложениях. Переведите их.
1.The problems to be studied are of great importance. 2. The problem studied helped us understand many things. 3. To study the problem we must make some experiments. 4. To study th
A BRIEF HISTORY of the INTERNET
In 1973 the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) initiated a research program to investigate techniques and technologies for interlinking packet networks of various kinds. The objectiv
ENJOY YOURSELF
Quiz-game "Do you know more about computers"?(Divide into two groups and give answers to even (1 gr.) and odd (2 gr.)
question numbers.)
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