КАФЕДРА ИНОСТРАННЫХ ЯЗЫКОВ

МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАУКИ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ АГЕНСТВО ПО ОБРАЗОВАНИЮ

ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ ИНСТИТУТ (филиал)

Государственного образовательного учреждения высшего профессионального образования

«Московский инженерно-физический институт (государственный университет)»

(г. Лесной)

КАФЕДРА

ИНОСТРАННЫХ ЯЗЫКОВ

 

И.В. ПЛЮХИНА

по дисциплине «ИНОСТРАННЫЙ ЯЗЫК» для студентов специальности «Управление и информатика в технических системах» очно-заочной формы обучения.

UNIT 1.

AUTOMATION AND TYPES OF AUTOMATION.

Text A. AUTOMATION.

The term automation is also used to describenonmanufacturing systems in which automatic devices can op­erate independently of human control. Such… Automated manufacturing had several steps in its development. Mechanization… Industrial robots, originally designed only to perform simple tasks in environments dangerous to human work­ers, are…

Automation in Industry

Not all industries require the same degree of automa­tion. Sales, agriculture, and some service industries are difficult to automate, though… The automation technology in manufacturing and as­sembly is widely used in car… Nevertheless, each industry has its own concept of automation that answers its particular production needs.

Text B. INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND AUTOMATION.

Mass production increases efficiency and productivity; to a point beyond which the monotony of repeating an operation over and over slows down… These human factors are important considerations for industrial engineers who… Another factor for the industrial engineer to consider is whether each manufacturing process can be automated in whole…

Exercise 1. Расположите слова списка (а) в алфавитном порядке. Найдите по словарю их перевод. Переведите словосочетания списка (b).

a) production, belt, line, engineer, process, manufacturing, automation;

b) mass production, conveyer belt, assembly line, industrial engineer, manufacturing process, continuous-process manufacturing, assembly line manufacturing, computer-controlled automation.

 

Exercise 2.Прочитайте текст ещё раз и найдите в нём словосочетания, равнозначные по значению следующим.

1. …manufacturing of large quantities of similar products with each worker in the plant performing only a limited number of operations on the product…
2. …an arrangement of equipment, machines and workers so that work passes in line until the product is assembled…
3. … the process of operating and controlling mechanical devices by automatic means without action by human beings….

 

Exercise 3.Определите, какие из приводимых парных высказываний соответствуют содержанию текста.

b) 1. Automated processes do tasks which have been performed by people. 2. Automated processes do tasks which were performed by people. c) 1. Automation was first applied to assembly line manufacturing, then to…  

Exercise 4. Ответьте на вопросы.

 

Text C.

Exercise 1.Прочитайте текст и определите, что составляет основные части автоматической системы.

Exercise 2.Озаглавьте текст.

The program elements determine what the system does and the step-by-step manner in which it works to produce the desired result. A program is a… The action elements are those which do the actual work. They may carry or… Perhaps the most important part of an automated sy­stem is sensing or feedback. Sensing devices automatical­ly check…

Exercise 3.Ответьте на следующие вопросы.

 

Text D. TYPES OF AUTOMATION.

Applications of Automation and Robotics in Industry

Fixed automation, sometimes called «hard automa­tion» refers to automated machines in which the equip­mentconfiguration allows fixed sequence of… Programmable automation is a form of automation for producing products in… Flexible automation is a kind of programmable au­tomation. Programmable automation requires time to re-program and…

Vocabulary

sequence— последовательность initial— первоначальный, начальный investment— инвестиция, вклад

Text E. AUTOMATION IN INDUSTRY. FIXED AND PROGRAMMABLE AUTOMATION.

Automated production lines

Modern automated lines are controlled by program­mable logic controllers, which are special computers that can perform timing and sequencing… Machining is a manufacturing process in which metal is removed by a cutting or… Pressworking operations involve the cutting and forming of parts from sheet metal. Examples of such parts include…

Numerical control

Many applications of numerical control have been de­veloped since its initial use to control machine tools. Other machines using numerical control…

Automated assembly

Automated assembly machines have been developed that operate in a manner similar to machining transfer lines, with the difference being that…  

Exercise 1. Read and translate the text.

GRAMMAR.

Придаточные предложения условия и времени, в которых

Действие отнесено к будущему.

В придаточных предложениях условия и времени с союзами if (если), when (когда), after (после), before (перед тем, как), as soon as (как только),… If you help me, I shall do this work. — Если ты по­можешь мне, я сделаю эту… As soon as I get free, I'll come to you. — Как только я освобожусь, я приду к тебе.

UNIT 2.

ROBOTICS.

Text A. ALL ABOUT ROBOTS.

(Rossum's Universal Robots). In that play the mechanical automation created by Rossum and his son to serve mankind went out of control with… A true robot doesn't have to imitate the appearance of a human. The robot's… Some robots may learn from a human operator by being led through a new sequence of motions which they will then…

Exercise 1. Read and translate the text.

Text B. ROBOT CONTROL SYSTEM.

Today's robot control system - the computer that controls all of the motions of the robot - has difficulty in modifying the robot's behavior… Robotic software has to be improved, especially where production and assembly… As with all computer installations, interfaces between systems continue to be a problem. Flexible automation and…

Exercise 1.Ask questions to the text to make the plan.

Text C. ROBOTS IN MANUFACTURING.

Material-handling is the transfer of material and load­ing and unloading of machines. Material-transfer appli­cations require the robot to move… In robotic processing operations, the robot manipu­lates a tool to perform a… The third application area of industrial robots is as­sembly and inspection. The use of robots in assembly is expected…

Text D. ROBOTS – THE IDEAL WORKERS?

The answer is a robot.-For many jobs a robot is much better than human operative. Once it has been programmed, it will do its job over and over… Robots have other advantages, too. They can be designed to do almost any job.… It is obvious that robots have many advantages over human beings. However, it is also true that humans can do many…

Exercise 1. Contradict the statements.

1. There is no substitute for a human worker.

2. Human beings have no superiority over robots.

3. Robots can exist without humans.

 

Post Script Exercises.

Read the text below and decide which answer A, B, C or D best fits each space.

There is an example at the beginning (0).

Example:

0 A desiring В trying С hoping D expecting

ROBOTS

 

Ever since it was first possible to make a real robot, people have been (0) .... for the
invention of a machine that would do all the necessary jobs (1) .... the house. If boring
and repetitive factory work could be (2) .... by robots, why not boring and repetitive
household chores too?

For a long time the only people who really (3) .... ..the problem their attention were

amateur inventors. And they came up (4) .... a major difficulty. That is, housework is

.... very complex. It has never been one job, it has always been many. A factory robot

.... one task endlessly (7) .... it is reprogrammed to do something else. It doesn't run

the (8) .... factory. A housework robot, on the other (9)...... , has to do several different

(10) .... of cleaning and carrying jobs and also has to cope (11) .... all the different

shapes and positions of rooms, furniture, ornaments! cats and dogs.

(12) there have been some developments recently. Sensors are available to (13) ....

the robot locate objects and avoid obstacles. We have the technology to produce the hardware. All that is (14) .... is the software - the programs that will (15) .... the machine.

 

	A	around	В	through	С for	D	over
	A	made	В	managed	С succeeded	D	given
	A	took	B	gave	С did	D	showed
	A	to	B	for	С against	D	on
	A	hardly	B	seriously	С surely	D	actually
	A	carries out	B	carries over	С carries away	D	carries off
	A	since	B	while	С when	D	until
	A	total	B	whole	C full	D	all
	A	side	B	part	С hand	D	view
	A	types	B	ways	C methods	D	systems
	A	for	B	from	C by	D	with
	A	moreover moreover moreover moreover moreover moreover	B	however	C besides	D	therefore
	A	assist	B	allow	C help	D	enable
	A	missing	B	short	C left	D	needing
	A	order	B	practise	C perform	D	operate

 

 

GRAMMAR.

Сослагательное наклонение (Subjunctive mood).

Изъявительное наклонение. If I learn his address I shall write to him. — Если я узнаю его адрес, я ему… Сослагательное наклонение:

UNIT 3.

NEW SOURCES OF POWER.

Text A. SOURCES OF POWER.

At present most of the power required is obtained mainly from two sources. One is from the burning of fossil fuels, i. e. coal, natural gas I and… It should be noted, however, that the generation of electricity by these… One is the energy of hot water. Not long ago we began utilizing hot underground water for heating and hot water…

Text B. HYDROGEN – SOURCE OF POWER.

Hydrogen is easy to transport and store. It can be transported over large distances using conventional pipelines. It can be accumulated and kept for… Scientists have found many ways of producing hydrogen — basically from… In several countries car engines fed by hydrogen have been tested successfully. Tests have also shown that adding five…

Consider — считать

engine — двигатель pipeline— трубопровод feed — питать

Text C. PEACEFUL ATOMS.

After having recovered from the shock of unimaginable horror of the explosion of the atomic bomb over Hiroshima people asked scientists how soon… The "classical" solution to this problem is conducting the heat… It is to be noted that the first power station fed by atomic fuels which was also the world's first atomic power…

Text D. NUCLEAR POWER? WELL, YES.

As a result, an energy source once considered as the fuel of the future became questionable. But not everywhere. Nuclear power provides nearly a… Not only have the strong emotions of fear worked against nuclear power. Energy… As a result, an energy source once considered as the fuel of the future became questionable. But not everywhere.…

Exercise 1.Read and translate the text without a dictionary.

    It is known that much is being done in the world today for the development of non-traditional sources of energy.…

Exercise 2.Give the gist of the text.

GRAMMAR.

Основные способы словообразования.

an oval – овал an oval figure – овальная фигура a square – квадрат a square window – квадратное окно  

UNIT 4.

SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND A NEW HOPE FOR ENERGY.

Text A. SUPERCONDUCTIVITY.

According to the prominent scientist in this country V. L. Ginzburg the latest world achievements in the field of superconductivity mean a… For almost 50 years after K.Onnes' discovery theorists were unable to develop… It was difficult to believe it. However, in 1987 American physicist Paul Chu informed about a much more sensational…

Exercise 2. Are the sentences true or false? Correct the wrong sentences according to the text.

2. Superconductors were once thought to be physically impossible. 3. The achievements in superconductivity cannot be compared with the discoveries… 5. A superconductivity material cannot be returned to the normal state. 6.…  

Exercise 4. Найдите в тексте инфинитивные конструкции.

Exercise 5. Найдите предложения со сложным подлежащим при глаголе-сказуемом в действительном залоге, переведите: 1. The phenomenon of superconductivity appears to have been discovered as…  

Text B.

Now hundreds of materials are known to become superconductors at low temperature. Approximately 26 of the chemical elements are superconductors.… Most of the known superconductors are alloys or compounds. It is possible for a compound to be superconducting even if the chemical elements constituting it are not.

Exercise 1.Read the text and make the title.

Text C. NEW HOPE FOR ENERGY.

One use for the new superconductors would be to replace those that need the extreme cold of liquid helium - huge superconducting electromagnets used… Other types of electromagnets made with superconductors could be used to lower… Researchers now estimate that tiny but immensely powerful high-peed computers using supercoductors may be three to…

Exercise 2.Give the gist of the text.

GRAMMAR.

Словообразование с помощью прибавления префиксов (приставок) и суффиксов к основе слова.

  1. Основные суффиксы существительных:   -ег to work — работать worker — рабочий   to convert —…

UNIT 5.

LASER.

Text A. THE LASER TODAY AND TOMORROW.

Atoms emit rays of different length, which prevents the forming of an intense beam of light. The laser forces its atoms to emit rays having the same… The most common laser is the helium-neon laser in the laser tube, containing… The first laser was built in 1960. Since then scientists have devel­oped several types of the laser which make use of…

Text B. THE ELECTRO-IONIZING LASER.

It is impossible to list all the jobs the laser can do. It has become a part of our life being used in various industries, medicine, biology, etc.… Creating a highly effective laser device is still one of the main prob­lems of… The best results were achieved with electro-ionizing laser devices (EILs) operating on carbon dioxide. They have found…

Text C. AN ENCYCLOPEDIA ON A TINY CRYSTAL.

Scientists have discovered that a laser beam can be effectively used to record alphanumeric data and sound on crystals. According Russian… At present researchers are looking for the most suitable chemical compounds to… As far back as 1845, Michael Faradey discovered that a light beam reverses its polarization as it passes through a…

Text D. LASER TECHNOLOGY.

Which country is the biggest producer and consumer of lasers? Why, Japan, naturally: Japan produced 46% of world's lasers in 1989, while figures for… Europe is the second largest user and the third largest producer. In 1990… In future the main trend influencing the industry will be laser source prices. The prices are dropping. There appear…

GRAMMAR.

Интернациональная лексика.

В английских общественно-политических и технических текстах используется много интернациональных слов, которые можно понять, не прибегая к помощи… Для того чтобы суметь без помощи словаря понять многие ин­тернациональные…   В английском языке В русском языке Примеры с к ц conductor,…

Соотношение значений интернациональных слов в английском и русском языках.

1. слова, полностью совпадающие по значению,например: ego­ism, party, physics, gas, metal, mineral и многие другие. Значение этих слов можно легко… 2. слова, имеющие в английском языке более широкое значе­ние и сферу… addressn — 1) адрес'; 2) обращение, речь; v — обратиться

CONTENTS.

1. UNIT 1. __________________________________ p. 2

 

2. UNIT 2. __________________________________ p. 9

 

3. UNIT 3. __________________________________ p. 14

 

4. UNIT 4.___________________________________ p. 20

 

5. UNIT 5.___________________________________ p. 24

ПЛЮХИНА ИРИНА ВИКТОРОВНА

заведующий кафедрой

УЧЕБНО-МЕТОДИЧЕСКОЕ ПОСОБИЕ

по дисциплине

ИНОСТРАННЫЙ ЯЗЫК

Очно-заочная форма обучения Множительная мастерская Технологического института (филиала)