Topical Vocabulary - раздел Иностранные языки, АНГЛІЙСЬКА МОВА 1.remember The Following Words And Word Combinations:
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1.Remember the following words and word combinations:
postal order
letter-box (pillar-box)
registered letter
Post Restante
book-post
parcel-post
addressee
envelope
stamped letter
mail
counter
to deliver
“General Delivery”
parcel
to weigh
to subscribe to…
| грошовий переказ
поштова скринька
лист на замовлення
відділ листів до запитання
пересилання бандероллю
пересилання посилкою
адресат
конверт
лист з маркою
пошта
стійка
доставляти
пошта до запитання
посилка
важити
передплачувати (газети)
|
2.Read and translate paying attention to the active words and word combinations.
POST OFFICE
Anybody who wants to buy stamps or envelopes, to send a telegram or to get a postal order, or a money order, must go to the post office. There is a post office in every town and nearly every village in the country; the large towns of course, have more than one. If you only want to post an already stamped letter, you needn’t go to the post office; ask for the nearest letter-box, or pillar-box, anybody will tell you.
Let us drop in at the Post Office and see what the inside of it looks like.
There is generally a separate counter, or window, for each department: one for Postal Orders, one for Stamps, one for Telegrams, One for Letters to Be Called For, one for Registered Letters, and so on.
On this side of the counter, you see several customers; on the other side – the clerks. Customers are standing at various windows buying stamps, envelopes, postcards, registering letters; some are sending postal orders, others are cashing theirs; one is collecting the mail from his P.O. Box; a number of people are inquiring if there are any letters for them at the Post Restante, or Callers’ Letters (the post-office maintains this service for those who prefer to pick up their mail in person). You can also see people writing telegrams, or sending books by book-post and parcels by parcel-post.
When you send a letter of particular value you should have it registered. The advantage of this service is that registered letters are not left with the ordinary mail in the letter-box, but delivered personally ( the addressee has to sign for them). The sender is given a receipt at the post-office, so he can always trace the letter.
If you want to buy or send, or receive something you must go to the right counter; if you go to the wrong one, you’ll only waste your time.
If you want to get the letters but don’t want to give your address you can get them from a counter with a sign: “General Delivery”. You decided to send a letter by airmail, you simply write “airmail” on the envelope and stick the stamps. Then you drop the letter into a letter-box. If you want to send a parcel, you go to the parcel counter, where a clerk weighs your parcel on scales and you have to pay according to the weight.
If you want to have got newspapers at home, you can subscribe to them and to the magazines at the post office.
I think the post office is very useful.
3.Answer the questions:
1. What do people need the post office for?
2. Is it necessary to go to the post office if you have an already stamped letter?
3. What counters are there at the post office?
4. What is usually going on at the post office?
5. What do we usually register the letters for?
6. The registered letters are usually left with the ordinary mail, aren’t they?
7. Do you often go to the post office?
4.Speak about your last visit to the post office.
READING
Text A. Lost in the Post
1.Read and translate.
Ainsley, a post-office sorter, turned the envelope over and over in his hands. The letter was addressed to his wife and had an Australian stamp.
Ainsley knew that the sender was Dicky Soames, his wife’s cousin. It was the second letter Ainsley received after Dicky’s departure. The first letter had come six months before, he didn’t read it and threw it into the fire. No man ever had less reason for jealousy than Ainsley. His wife was frank as the day, a splendid housekeeper, a very good mother to their two children. He knew that Dicky Soames had been fond of Adela and the fact that Dicky Soames had years back gone away to join his and Adela’s uncle made no difference to him. He was afraid that some day Dicky would return and take Adela from him.
Ainsley didn’t take the letter when he was at work as his fellow-workers could see him do it. So when the working hours were over he went out of the post-office together with his fellow-workers, then he returned to take the letter addressed to his wife. As the door of the post-office was locked, he had to get in through a window. When he was getting out of the window the postmaster saw him. He got angry and dismissed Ainsley. So another man was hired and Ainsley became unemployed. Their life became hard, they had to borrow money from their friends.
Several months had passed. One afternoon when Ainsley came home he saw the familiar face of Dicky Soames. “So he had turned up,” Ainsley thought to himself.
Dicky Soames said he was delighted to see Ainsley. “I have missed all of you so much,” he added with a friendly smile.
Ainsley looked at his wife. “Uncle Tom has died,” she explained, “and Dicky has come into his money”. “Congratulation,” said Ainsley, “you are lucky.”
Adela turned to Dicky. “Tell Arthur the rest,” she said quietly. “Well, you see,” said Dicky, “Uncle Tom had something over sixty thousand and he wished Adela to have half. But he got angry with you because Adela never answered the two letters I wrote to her for him. Then he changed his will and left his money to hospitals. I asked him not to do it, but he wouldn’t listen to me!”.
Ainsley turned pale. “So those two letters were worth reading after all,” he thought to himself. For some time everybody kept silence. Then Dicky Soames broke the silence, “It’s strange about those two letters. I’ve often wondered why you didn’t answer them?” Adela got up, came up to her husband and said, taking him by the hand. “The letters were evidently lost.” At that moment Ainsley realised that she knew everything.
Do the following:
1. Give a character sketch of
· Ainsley
· Adela
· Dickey Soames
2. Why do you think:
· Adela’s uncle changed his will?
· Ainsley didn’t give Adela Dicky’s letters?
· Adela guessed everything what had happened?
3. What do you think about reading letters addressed not to you but someone else? What do you think about hiding letters from someone?
Все темы данного раздела:
АНГЛІЙСЬКА МОВА
НАВЧАЛЬНИЙ ПОСІБНИК
ДЛЯ СТУДЕНТІВ ІI КУРСУ
ФАКУЛЬТЕТІВ БІОЛОГО-ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНОГО
ТА ХАРЧОВИХ
ББК 81.2 АНГЛ-923+28 я73
ISBN 966-8078-20-9 © Автори-упорядники Байдак Л.І.,
Дацко О.В., Камінська Н.М.,
Курінний О.В., 2003
© СНАУ, 2003
© БНВП "ЕОНС",
I. The Use of Indefinite Tenses.
v The Present Indefinite is used:
1) to express a recurrent or permanent action in the present;
e.g. He lives in Kiev with his mother. Він живе у Києві з м
II. The Formation of Indefinite Tenses.
Present
Past
Future
usually, often, always, seldom, hardly ever, occasionally
yest
Topical Vocabulary
1.Remember the following words and word combinations:
aspiration to
cognition
hence
to be essential
precious
to be on the safe side
to spare oneself t
TRAVELLING
Travelling is one of the things which allows people to satisfy their natural aspiration to cognition of the surrounding world. Modern life is impossible without travelling. Some people travel on bu
I. The Use of Continuous Tenses.
v The Present Continuous is used to express:
1) an action going on at the present moment, at the time of speaking;
e.g. Why areyou crying?
Working.колипрацюю.
4) a planned future action mostly with verbs denoting motion.
e.g. We are flyingto Paris Вранці ми вилітаємо до
in the morning. Парижа.
v The Past Con
II. The Formation of Continuous Tenses.
The Continuous Tenses are formed by means of the auxiliary verb to be in the Present, Past or Future Indefinite Tense and Present Participleof the ma
EXERCISES
1.Put the verb into the appropriate form.
1.I (not to drink) coffee now. I (to write) an English exercise. 2.Your friend (to do) his homework now? 3.Look! The baby (to sleep). 4.My father
Topical Vocabulary
1.Remember the following words and word combinations:
compartment
carriage
obvious
to board a train
to stand in a queue
to settle one’s business
to bo
Text. Mistaken Identity.
1.Read and translate using the dictionary.
Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca, New York, where I was to change trains and take the sleeper. There were crowds of people on the platfor
Buying a ticket
A day return to London, please.
A single to Birmingham, please.
Two day returns to Oxford, please.
An ordinary return to Cambridge, please.
And which platform is
Dialogue C.
-Excuse me, don’t you think it is very stuffy in the compartment?
-Yes, rather.
-What about having the window open?
-I don’t mind. Can you manage it?
-I’ll try t
I. The Use of Perfect Tenses.
v The Present Perfect is used:
1) to express an action which took place before the present moment, when the speaker’s aim is to emphasize the present result of this action;
II. The Formation of Perfect Tenses.
The Perfect Tenses are formed by means of the auxiliary verb to have in the Present, Past or Future Indefinite Tense and Participle IIof the main ver
Topical Vocabulary
1.Remember the following words and word combinations:
means of transport
to be at smb’s disposal
altitude
to cover the distance
non-stop flight
t
I. The Use of Perfect Continuous Tenses.
v The Present Perfect Continuous is used to express an action which began in the past, has been going on up to the present and is either still continuing or just finished.
e.g. His
II. The Formation of Perfect Continuous Tenses.
The Perfect Continuous Tenses are formed by means of the auxiliary verb to have in the Present, Past or Future Perfect Tense and Participle Iof the m
Topical Vocabulary
1.Remember the following words and word combinations:
fast
to drive a car
wheel
to switch on the motor
to park
traffic “jam”
round-about
to r
My own car
Lots of teenagers dream of the day when they will be old enough to learn to drive (at age 17 in the UK) and have their own car. There are plenty of reasons why. They will be able to go out where th
The problems
Cars cause a lot of problems. Here are some of them. Put them in order from 1 to 6 (1 for the biggest problem, 6 for the smallest problem, in your opinion).
· The roads are too bus
Solutions from around the world
Different countries have different ways of reducing traffic. Tick the ones that you think are good ideas.
· In Britain, the Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution has asked th
EXERCISES
1.Use Present Perfect (Continuous) or Past Perfect (Continuous).
1.I received a letter from Susan a few days ago. I (not to receive) letters from her since she left. 2.There are a l
Topical Vocabulary
1.Remember the following words and word combinations:
voyage
quay
to moor
gangway
deck
to sail at a high speed
rough
pitch
roll
aft
forward
Drop anchor at the pier
Max and his wife were taking ____ along the Black Sea coast on the “Karolina”. As we were spending the summer near Yalta we decided to meet them _____ . We arrived at the pier in time to see it ent
Topical Vocabulary
1.Remember the following words and word combinations:
customs (customs house)
to prolong
to declare
to be liable to duty
duty free
a customs declaration
Going Through the Customs
-Are these three cases all you have, sir?
-Yes. They’re all I have.
-Well, would you , please, read this notice carefully?
-Thank you.
-Do you understand the not
The use of the Passive Voice
The Passive Voice can be used :
a) without the doer of the action being mentioned (the doer is either unknown or unimportant)
e.g. The telegram was sent yesterday. (Телегра
The formation of the Passive Voice.
The Passive Voice is formed by means of the auxiliary verb to be in the required form and Participle II of the notional verb.
to be + Ved(III)
Topical Vocabulary
1.Remember the following words and word combinations:
single room номер для одного
double room номер для двох
suite [sw
Text A. A Letter
1.Render in English
Newton Hotel, Manchester,
16th March 2002
Dear Paul,
I was very pleased to receive your letter and to hear that Frederick i
Text B. A Bad Way To Begin A Marrige
1.Read and translate the text
“I never thought it was going to be like this,” John said. He was talking about his honeymoon and he looked very disappointed. He and Ann, his bride, were wal
Passive Voice
be + Ved(3)
Present Indefinite
Past Indefinite
Future Indefinite
am/is/are Ved(3)
wa
Text B. Post Cards
1.Read and say what new things you’ve learned from the text.
In the mid-19th century, Henry Cole was a well-known museum director. Every year he sent short notes to his friends
Topical Vocabulary
1.Remember the following words and word combinations:
to be in a good health
to fall ill
to examine smb
to catch a cold
to feel unwell
to cough
flu
AT THE DOCTOR’S
Good health is a great blessing. Everyone should do all to stay healthy. Being in a good health means having both body and mind in a good working state free from disease and pain. As a proverb says
Cause(s)… measures
a cough to put into prison for…
a headache to sack from school for…
pneumonia to take money for…
cancer to ban…
blood disease affect(
PASSIVE VOICE
Continuous Tenses
The Present Continuous and the Past Continuous Passive are formed by means of the Present Continuous and the Past Continuous of the auxiliary verb to be and Partic
Topical Vocabulary
1.Remember the following words and word combinations
sales
processing
hardware
tower
keyboard
printer
software
to be evident
pros and cons
witho
COMPUTERS
Today economy increasingly works with computers. Computers also facilitate our everyday work and study. Modern companies analyse sales of products as well as potential sales of products, programme
THE PROS AND CONS OF THE INTERNET
The Internet is without doubt one of the most important inventions in history. It was started in 1968 by the US government, but at first it was used mainly by scientists. Since 1990, when the World
Questions
1.When and by whom was the Internet started?
2.Who used the Internet at first?
3.When was WWW created?
4.What is the main use of the Internet?
5.What are the adv
PASSIVE VOICE
Perfect Tenses
The Present Perfect, the Past Perfect and the Future Perfect Passive are formed by means of the Present Perfect, the Past Perfect and the Future Perfect of the auxiliary ver
UKRAINE
Today, Ukraine is included in all the world atlases. But there did exist maps on which Ukraine was not designated. In the past foreign invaders tried more than once to destroy and enslave the count
National Government
Ukraine is an independent state since adoption of the Declaration on State Sovereignty of Ukraine on July 16, 1990.
According to the Constitution of Ukraine adopted on June 28, 1996 Ukrain
Local Governments
Ukraine is divided into 24 regions called oblasts and the Crimean Autonomous republic. Each region has its local authorities.
2. Use the words from the box to complete the sentences
PASSIVE VOICE
(revision)
1. Match the two parts of these sentences to make well-known proverbs and sayings and find their Ukrainian equivalents in the box.
Teacher Student
They took you sightseeing about the town. About the town you say? Yes, I was taken sightseeing about the town.
1. The exhibition displayed in this museum greatly impressed everybody.
Text. Where To Go And What To See In Kyiv.
1.Read and say what new things you’ve learned from the text.
Khreshchatyk, the beautiful many-faced, brightly-lit main street of Kyiv, hasn’t always been like this. Originally it was Khres
Topical Vocabulary.
1.Remember the following words and word combinations:
to fulfill
raw materials
processing industry
maize
sunflower
millet
cultivation
crop rotation
Text. Successful Farming Depends on the Soil.
1.Read and translate.
Successful farming means making the best and the most scientific use of natural conditions, land, crops, livestock, machinery and all the other things which have to b
If you had eaten proper food you would be healthy and happy now.
EXERCISES
1.Translate into Ukrainian.
1.If my mother buys a cake, we shall have a very nice tea-party. 2. If we receive a telegram from him, we shall not worry. 3. If you don’t wo
Topical Vocabulary
1.Remember the following words and word combinations:
to be founded
struggle
landowner
settlement
the museum of fine arts
the museum of applied arts
c
MY NATIVE TOWN.
Sumy was founded on the 25th of June, 1655. The founder of the town was the Ukrainian cossack Gerasim Kondratyev. When the Ukrainians struggled against the Polish landowners they had to
Topical Vocabulary
1.Remember the following words and word combinations:
to look forward to з нетерпінням чекати
to have nothing to do не мати нічого спільного
Dialogue B.
-What a nice dress you are wearing!
-It’s my dad’s present on March, 8th. He has brought it from Poland.
-Do the Polish celebrate the Women’s Day?
-I think the
Make up five sentences and translate them.
I’m afraid
I was afraid
I fear(ed)
I worry
lest
the children should lose their way.
he should forget to post the letter.
we should miss
AT THE MAP OF GREAT BRITAIN
The British Isles consist of two main islands: Great Britain and Ireland. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland includes these two islands and over five hundred small islands. It
Text A. The State System of Great Britain
1.Read and translate the text using the dictionary.
Great Britain is a parliamentary monarchy.
The bodies of British Government are the legislative, executive, judiciary.
Dialogue A
-What are you looking at?
-Don’t you see? This is the map of the British Isles. I am going to have my agricultural practice in Great Britain this summer. I try to find the town I shall wor
Dialogue B.
Volodymyr Vasylenko, a Ukrainian teacher of English, has been staying in London for a few months. Next Saturday morning he is leaving for Edinburgh. Last Tuesday Volodymyr saw Bernard Law, a Lon
Dialogue C.
Elections in Great Britain.
V.: All your papers are writing about the coming election. Do you think the party in power will win the election?
B.: They hope so.
V.: Can yo
THE SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD IN COMPLEX SENTENCES
(continued)
3.Adverbial clauses of comparison and predicative clauses
The Subjunctive Mood is used in adverbial clauses of comparison introduced by the conjunctio
THE SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD IN COMPLEX SENTENCES
(continued)
5. Subject clauses
In subject clause after a principal clause of the type It is necessary, It is important etc. the Present Suppositional
Topical Vocabulary
1.Remember the following words and word combinations:
to the same extent
coincide with
dozen
to be in rush
holly
mistletoe
festive mood
love-token
HOLIDAYS IN GREAT BRITAIN
National Days in Britain are not celebrated to the same extent as in France or America. Scotland’s National Day is St. Andrew’s Day (30 November), which has now largely been overshadowed by Burns’
Jesus Teaches
Love
(Matthew 5.43-48)
You have heard people say, “Love your neighbours and hate your enemies,” but tell you to love your enemies and pray for anyone who mistreats you
The English Home
Many English families live in flats, but most live in their own houses.
On the ground floor they usually have the dining-room, the sitting-room, the kitchen, and the hall. In the hall ther
Fireplaces
In English homes, the fireplace has always been, until recent times, the natural centre of interest in a room. People may like to sit at a window on a summer day, but for many months of the year th
The Englishman’s Garden
The English are obsessed with flowers. If you don’t believe it’s true, look at all the gardening books in the bookshops, find out how many flowers arranging societies there are in England – thousan
View of Britain
Intrviewer: Hello. I’m interviewing people about what they like or don’t like about England. Can I ask you some questions?
Helen: Yes, of course.
I: Are you a
Topical Vocabulary
1.Remember the following words and word combinations:
to date датувати(ся)
to dominate домінувати
to preserve an antique way of
Dialogue A.
-Are all the pupils admitted to higher schools after successful finishing secondary schools?
-Those who pass successfully their entrance/competitive exams.
-Where is higher educat
Dialogue B.
-Do the students have to pay for education in Ukraine?
-It’s common knowledge education in Ukraine is paid and free of charge as well. Students are also provided with monthly grants by the
Topical Vocabulary
1.Remember the following words and word combinations:
the Commonwealth
to unite
decline
aspiration
to concern
to convert
an integrated part
appendag
THE COMMONWEALTH
The Commonwealth is a free association of Britain and certain independent states, formerly the colonies of the British Empire. It was founded in 1949. The Commonwealth has no central government, an
Dialogue B.
Read, learn and act.
-My French exchange visitor came yesterday.
-What’s her name?
-Marie-Ange.
-What a pretty name! What’s she like?
-She’s really nice
Suggested, insisted, shouted, agreed, whispered, claimed, muttered, boasted, objected, exclaimed, admitted, protested
1.”I can speak six languages fluently,” he said.
2.”Let’s go to the cinema this evening,” he said.
3.”Stop that noise in the classroom,” he said.
4.”That car you are driv
Encourage refuse promise demand suggest
1.”You must believe that I didn’t know it was stolen,” he said.
2.”I’ve never seen that man before,” he said.
3.”If you don’t leave, I’ll phone the police,” he said.
4.”I
Topical Vocabulary
1.Remember the following words and word combinations:
giving credit to
a great demand
unemployed
preservation
nutritional value
well-being
flesh
mus
Persuasive, brave, creative, patient, intelligent, polite, accurate, fair, friendly
1.Salespeople need to be … to get people to buy their products.
2.A scientist has to be … in order to understand complex theories.
3.Receptionists should be … in order to make peo
Topical Vocabulary
1.Remember the following words and word combinations:
to reorient
decree
to incur losses
profit
allotment
ownership
hired labour
wage workers
prop
ТАБЛИЦЯ НЕПРАВИЛЬНИХ ДІЄСЛІВ
be
beat
become
begin
bend
bet
bite
blow
break
bring
build
burst
buy
catch
choose
come
cost
cut
deal
dig
do
draw
drink
drive
Text 3 Variety of Mammals
1.Read and translate the text using a dictionary.
The living members of the class mammalia are today divided into three main sub-classes, according to differences in their anatomy a
To trace простежити
ancestorпредок
forerunnerпопередник
divergentщо розходиться, відхиляється
to breedрозводити
2
To hunt полювати
load-bearerвантажо-тягач
warfareвійна
chariotколісниця
to tillорати (землю)
harness
СПИСОК ВИКОРИСТАНОЇ ЛІТЕРАТУРИ
1. Бонк Н.А., Лукьянова Н.А., Памухина Л.Г. Учебник английского языка. 1,2 части. – Москва – Харьков, «Деконт» – «Торсинг»,1997.
2. Верба Г.В., Верба Л.Г. Довідник з граматики англійської
CONTENTS
Unit 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Unit 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
КУРІННИЙ Олексій В’ячеславович
За редакцією к.філол.н., доцента
КОБЖЕВА Олександра Миколайовича
Редактор: Н.О. Максимова
Технічний редактор: В.В. Щербак
Новости и инфо для студентов