Реферат Курсовая Конспект
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК - раздел Иностранные языки, Министерство Образования И Науки Российской Федерации...
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Министерство образования и науки Российской Федерации
НОВОСИБИРСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ
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АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК
БАЗОВЫЙ КУРС
Методические указания для студентов первого курса
Всех технических специальностей
PRE-INTERMEDIATE
Часть 1
Новосибирск
2007
MODULE 1 EDUCATION
Introduction
Focus: Personal Profile
1.
CONGRATULATIONS ON BEING A FIRST-YEAR STUDENT AT NSTU!
We will be glad to get acquainted with you, and to know how special you are. Are you the same as your group-mates?
Write notes about yourself in English in your notebook, then complete this questionnaire.
QUESTIONNAIRE
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2. Write three questions you’d like to ask your group-mates.
II. TEXT A
A. educated people n. original research
B. enlarge access to o. fee
c. sponsorship p. “redbrick” foundations
D. adults q. student population
F. loan t. grant degree awards
G. female undergraduates u. medieval foundations
h.ethnic minorities v.part-time courses
i. students’ intake w. finance
J. full-time training y. examination
k. grant x. “plate-glass” universities
L. unemployed z. enroll in a course
TEXT B
Vocabulary
celebrated – известный, знаменитый
power – власть, право
to grant smth. – прeдоставлять что-либо
condition – состояние
intelligence – ум, интеллект
require smth. - тpe6oвать
term - ceмecтp
thesis (pl. theses)-диссертация
to make a contribution – вносить вклад
postgraduate student – аспирант
conduct an examination (lesson, seminar, ...) — проводить экзамен
scatter smth. – paзбрасывть что-либо
govern – управлять
to be responsible for smth., doing smth. – быть ответственным за
public school – (англ.) закрытое частное среднее учреждение,
(амер.) бесплатная государственная школа
applicant – претендент, кандидат, абитуриент
available – имеющийся в наличие
to take smth. into consideration – принимать что-либо во внимание
attendance – посещение
compulsory – обязательный
apart from - кроме
to practice smth. (AE) (BE to practise) - 1) применять что-либо, 2) практиковать что-либо
to encourage smb., smth. to do – ободрять, поощрять что-либо
opportunity – возможность
to deny smth. – отрицать что-либо
thisis not the case – это не так
per cent -процент
beyond the age of 15 – старше пятнадцати лет
syllabus – программа (курса, лекций)
fellow – член совета колледжа; стипендиат и исследователь
tutorial – университетская система обучения путем прикрепления студентов к отдельным
консультантам
essay – очерк, этюд , эссе, рассказ, реферат
scholarship – стипендия
to allocate scholarships – назначать стипендии
to perpetuate - увековечивать
1.The text you’ll read is about students’ life in Britain. Before you read, work in pairs and discuss the answers to these questions :
1. Would you like to study in Great Britain? Why/Why not?
2. What are the cultural differences in the life of Russian and British students?
3. Read the text and check your suppositions.
STUDENTS’ LIFE IN THE UK (GREAT BRITAIN)
The oldest and the most celebrated Universities of Great Britain are those in Oxford and Cambridge. There are also universities in London, Manchester, Liverpool, Birmingham and other cities.
There are no state universities in Britain; each of the universities has its own government. It is the state however that defines their status and gives them the power to grant degrees to students. Each university itself decides in what condition it will grant degrees, but the form of examination and the standards of knowledge and intelligence required for a first degree (Bachelor of Arts, or Bachelor of Science) are about the same at all the universities.
Students still have to pay fees. Most students now do some paid work during their vacations, such as helping at the Post Office at Christmas and doing some seasonal jobs in summer, but practically none does paid work during the term-time.
The first postgraduate degree is normally that of Master, given for a thesis based on at least one year's full-time work.
The degree of Doctor of Philosophy is given for a thesis which is an original contribution to knowledge. In a few of the biggest universities there are some seminars for postgraduate students, but usually there are no regular courses for them.
The university is a sort of federation of colleges. The university prescribes syllabuses, arranges lectures, conducts examinations and awards degrees, but there is no single building which can be called the University. The colleges and university buildings are scattered about the town.
Each college is governed by its Fellows and they are also responsible for teaching their own students through the tutorial system.
It is more expensive to study at Oxford or Cambridge than at any other university and it is not easy to find a place to study at Oxford or Cambridge.
About half of the students at these two leading universities are former pupils of prominent public schools. The number of applicants is usually several times as great as the number of places available. Colleges tend to admit young men who are good at football or some other sport, sons of former students, or sons of respectable citizens or millionaires, one of the main points taken into consideration that is they might support the university financially.
Special tests are used for allocating scholarships by which some students get a reduction of their fees.
Part of the teaching at all faculties is by means of lectures arranged by the university, and any student may attend any university lecture. At the beginning of each term a list is published showing all the lectures being given during the term within each faculty, and every student can choose which lectures he will attend, though his own college tutor advises him which lectures seem likely to be most useful. Attendance at university lectures is not compulsory.
Apart from lectures, teaching is done by means of the "tutorial system". This is a system of individual consultations.
Each Fellow in a college is a tutor in his own subject to the undergraduates who are studying it. Once a week, each student has a tutorial, that is he reads out an essay which he has written and for an hour he and the tutor discuss the essay. Before writing an essay the student may consult his tutor.
Though the system of teaching practiced at Oxford, with its tendency to avoid set courses, is supposed to encourage independent thought and judgement, opinions differ, and at some universities regular courses of lectures for each of the subjects studied are preferred.
British education is supposed to provide equality of opportunity for all, but it is not to be denied that this is not the case.
Education in Great Britain is class-divided and selective. The number of young people who can enter the university is limited not so much by the capacity of the universities as by class considerations. The educational system tends to perpetuate social and economic power and privilege from one generation to the next.
2Read the text again and find the answer to the following questions:
1. What are the oldest and the most celebrated Universities of Great Britain?
2. Are there any state universities in Great Britain?
3. How are the universities governed? Who defines their status?
4. Is the form of examination different or the same at all the universities?
5. Do students have to pay fees for the tuition at the university?
6. Why do most students have to work while studying at the university?
7. What is the first postgraduate degree? What is it given for?
8. Who is awarded the degree of Doctor of Philosophy?
9. What does the university arrange?
10. Whom is each college governed by?
11. What are the Fellows responsible for?
12. Whom do these colleges usually admit?
13. Who applies for the place at Oxford or Cambridge?
14. How are the fees reduced?
15. Is the attendance of lectures compulsory or not?
16 .What system of teaching is available at British universities?
17 What is the way of conducting tutorials?
3. Ask questions to the following statements:
1. The Master’s degree is given for a thesis based on one year's full-time work. (What for...)
2. The university arranges lectures, conducts examinations and awards degrees. (What...)
3. Each college is governed by its Fellows. (By whom...)
4. Colleges admit young men who are good at sports. (Whom...)
5. Part of the teaching at all faculties is done by lectures. (How...)
6. Once a week each student has a tutorial. (How often...)
4.Ask questions to which the following may serve as the answers:
1. Only 1% of children of unskilled workers receive full-time education beyond the age of 18.
2. Many students do some paid work during their vacations.
3. It is the tutorial system that is believed to encourage independent thought and judgement.
4. Yes, students still have to pay fees.
5. The Fellows are responsible for teaching their students.
6. Teaching is mostly done by means of the tutorial system.
5. Finish the sentences by choosing a true word or phrases from the brackets:
1. British education ... (doesn’t provide equality of opportunity for all; fails to develop potential talent and ability; is cheap; is expensive; gives little opportunity to workers'
children).
2. Most universities in Great Britain... (are state universities; are independent; have their own government; aren’t financially supported by rich people).
3. Each university has the right... (to give degrees; to conduct meetings; to arrange lectures).
4. The first university degree is... (Doctor of Philosophy; Master of Arts; Bachelor of Arts).
5. University students have to work... (during the term; during their vacation; all the year round).
6. If a postgraduate student has defended a thesis, he gets a degree of... (Bachelor of Science; Master; Doctor of Philosophy).
7. At British universities teaching is done mostly by means of... (lectures; seminars; the
tutorial system).
8. Universities mostly admit... (former pupils of prominent public schools; workers' children; sons of millionaires).
9. British universities are supported financially by... (the state; rich private persons; public
institutions).
10 Attendance at university lectures is... (compulsory; not compulsory).
6.Skim throughthe text again and finish the sentences:
1 British education is supposed to provide...
2 Only one per cent of children of unskilled workers receive...
3 The British educational system fails to develop...
4 All universities have the right to grant…
5 University students have to pay...
6 The degree of Doctor of Philosophy is given for a thesis which is….
7 The university conducts...
8 The fellows who govern the university are responsible for...
9 The students are taught through...
10 Universities are financially supported by…
11 Colleges admit mostly sons of...
12 Some students get a reduction of their fees through...
13 Attendance at university lectures is...
14 The tutorial system is a system of...
15 The tutorial system is supposed to...
7.1.Work in three groups. Each group reads a different text given by the teacher and concerning social students’ life. Read the texts and make notes on the key points. (p. 89, supplementary materials to Module I
2 Form new groups of three people, each of whom has read a different text. Inform your partners about main points of the text you've read.
3 Work in the same groups and discuss the similarities and differences in students' life in the USA and in Russia.
4. Choose a spokesperson in the group to make a presentation to the whole class, summarizing the opinions in the group.
Writing
8.This form may be completed on line at: www. intstudy. com/f_application.htm
International Student
Further Information Form
_________________________________________________________
Please take a few moments to complete this Request Form accurately in order to receive FREE comprehensive further information on any course(s) or college(s)worldwide. Relevant institutions will mail you a prospectus and application form within a few days.
Please note: We undertake that this information will be used solely for the purposes of helping you to find the right combination of Country, Course and College. We guarantee that this form will only be forwarded to those colleges that meet your unique criteria.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Please supply your details
Full Name _____________________________________________
E-mail address__________________________________________
Nationality _______________ Date of Birth (MM-DD-YY) _______________
Gender * Male * Female
Are you married No Yes
1. Where do you reside?
Address _________________________________________________
Town/City_______________________________________
State/Country ____________Zip/Post Code ___________ Country___________
Telephone ____________________________
2. What do you want to study?
What level of study are you interested in:(Must be selected)
*BA/BSc* MA/MSc/PHD* MBA* Community College * Pre university Course* Diploma
Which country(s) you are interested in studying in: (select all that apply)
*United States of America * United Kingdom * Europe
* Australia * Canada * New Zealand
UNIT 4 NOVOSIBIRSK STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY (NSTU)
· Focus: Novosibirsk State Technical University (NSTU)
· Asking the Way
· Effective Presentation Techniques
· Grammar focus: Present/Past SimplePassive
· Skills focus: Reading for specific information; learn to ask for directions; learn to make an effective presentation of the university where you study at.
TEXT D
NOVOSIBIRSK STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY (NSTU)
1992, 1953, 1080, 4, 6, 5, 11, 8.
4. Match the words from the text with their corresponding definitions.
1. facilities a. physical parts of the computer, machinery
Magazine b. programs
Journal c. something that can be relied on
Textbook d. to get, to obtain, to receive
Software e. pieces of equipment
Hardware f. a book containing texts about a particular subject
Reliability g. a magazine that deals with a specialized subject
To gain h. a publication which contains articles, advertisement,
Stories and photographs
A device i. an object invented for a particular purpose
5. Complete the sentences with the words from the text:
1. In 1992, NSTU ---------------- of a technical university.
2. NSTU is a large educational and scientific center in ------------------.
3. NSTU --------------------- in 35 areas at 10 faculties.
MODULE 2 ECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS
UNIT 5 POLLUTION
TEXT A
C)
pollution
causes allergy
TEXT B
A B
1) Paying for their children’s education a) is a good way to protect people’s health
2) An urgent need in many industrial cities b) is a problem for people living near highways
3) Reducing traffic noise c) is a problem for many parents
4) Banning smoking in public places d) is reducing air pollution
3.Fill in correct words from the box and discuss the way to solve pollution problem in cities:
aerosol, exhaust, recycling center, public transport, boycott, waste, dispose, influence, unleaded, ban |
Pollution is getting worse and we must solve this pressing problem. You can start by taking your unwanted 1)…….. to a 2)………, instead of throwing it away. You also need to properly 3) ……….. of any garbage that can’t be recycled. A good way to 4)…….. big companies is to 5) …….. any products which are harmful to the environment. This forces the companies to change their methods of production. If you buy an 6)……. spray, for example, always make sure it is an 7)……… one. If you drive a car, try to get one which takes 8) ……..
petrol because 9) ……… fumes given off are less harmful to the environment. If you are traveling in the city, don’t use the car, but take 10)……… instead. It’s much more environmentally friendly, and often faster as well.
TEXT C
Vocabulary
fossil fuels – ископаемое топливо
rotor blades – вращающиеся лопасти
renewable – восстановимый, возобновляемый ( о природных ресурсах)
9.Complete the project aimed at solving a serious energy crises in Britain with either present perfect or present simple of the verbs in brackets.
PLAN
I. INTRODUCTION: 1. state the problem:The living conditions in our city are getting worse and worse. Exhaust fumes and smoke from the factories are polluting the air. Furthermore,…… (state other problems). We should do something before it’s too late.
II. MAIN BODY
2.suggestion 1& result
3.suggestion 2& result
4.suggestion 3& result
III CONCLUSION
5. summarize your opinion:All things considered , there are many solutions to all the problems. The sooner we put them into practice, the better our lives become.
MODULE 3 CITIES
UNIT 7 CITIES AND WORLD-FAMOUS ATTRACTIONS
Focus: Cities of English speaking countries
Grammar focus: Degrees of comparison; articles with geographical names
Skills focus: Reading for specific information; making comments; writing a tourist leaflet; discussion.
TEXT A
Sydney
Sydney is Australia’s largest city, with a population of more than 4 million. It is a prosperous business centre and people are still enjoying the success of the 2000 Olympic Games.
The city was founded by the British as a prison colony in 1788 – they chose the place because of its natural harbour. All who visit Sydney come away with memories of seeing one of the most beautiful harbours in the world, made even more spectacularby the famous bridge and opera house.
Perth
The capital of Western Australia is known as the most remote capital city in the world. It lies on the west coast, between the Indian Ocean and the Great Australian Desert – nearly 3,500 kilometres from Sydney. It has a population of about one and a half million, about 90% of the population of the state.
Being so far away from the centre of Australian life, Perth is not as busy as either Sydney or Melbourne. It has retained a quiet dignity and a slow pace of life. Many of its old Victorian buildings survive to add to the charm of the city.
Vocabulary
4.Match these words from the text with the corresponding definitions.
1 remote a. very successful
2 metropolitan b. inhabitants, people living in the area, town city
3 arid c. entrance, place you go through
4 gateway d. belonging to or typical of a large city
5 greenery e. far away
6 thriving f. very dry
7 residents g. plants that make a place look attractive
Sydney
On behalf of Boomerang Tours, welcome to Sydney. My name is Angela, and I’m your guide for today. Our driver is Paul and we will be showing you the sights of our lovely city, so sit back and enjoy yourselves.
Sydney is in the state of New South Wales. It has a population of 4 million people from 140 different countries, making us a cosmopolitan multicultural city. To your left is Great Harbour Bridge built in 1932 – a wonder of modern construction. To your right, our famous Opera House, built by Joern Utzon, in 1973, home to the Sydney Symphony Orchestra. We are now going through the business area, constructed on the site of the original settlement. To your right is the Art Gallery of New South Wales, which was built in 1874 and today houses the best collection of Australian art in the world. We are now passing the site of the first farm. Thirty hectares of lawns, gardens and exotic plants, today, our Royal Botanical Gardens. To your left, the shopping, hotel and entertainment area. As you can see, we have many theatres, cinemas, and restaurants with shows. Restaurants with shows, films and food from all over the world. We shall stop here for the afternoon to permit you to have lunch and to do some shopping. This evening we shall be going to the Opera House to see the ballet, Sleeping Beauty, and to end our evening with dancing and fun in a local disco. As you can see Sydney is an exciting city with lots to see.
2. Work in pairs, fill in the missing information and describe the places::
NameSydney
LocationNew …..
SightsGreat Harbour Bridge built in…
………. House built in ……
Art …… of New South Wales built in ….
Royal Botanical………..
Free-time theatres,………
Activities shopping, ……………….
Feelings……….. city
TEXT D
centennial – столетний, вековой
1. Work in pairs. Before reading the text answer the questions:
1. Have you ever seen the Statue of Liberty?
2.What does the statue have in its hand?
3. Where does the statue stand?
2. Read the text and check your answers.
THE STATUE OF LIBERTY – THE WORLD-FAMOUS ATTRACTION
One of the most famous statues in the world stands on an island in New York Harbour. This statue is, of course, the Statue of Liberty. The Statue of Liberty is a woman who holds a torch up high. Visitors can go inside the statue. The statue is so large that as many as twelve people can stand inside the torch. Many more people can stand in other parts of the statue. The statue weighs 225 tons and is 301 feet tall.
The Statue of Liberty was put up in 1886. It was a gift to the United States from the people of France. Over the years France and the United States had a special relationship. In 1776 France helped the American colonies to gain independence from England. The French wanted to do something special for the U.S. centennial, its 100th birthday.
Laboulaye was a well-known Frenchman who admired the United States. One night at a dinner in his house, Laboulaye talked about the idea of a gift. Among Laboulaye’s guests was the French sculptor Frederic Auguste Bartholdi. Bartholdi thought of a statue of liberty. He offered to design the statue.
Many people contributed in some way. The French people gave money for the statue. The Americans designed and built the pedestal for the statue to stand on. The American people raised money to pay for the pedestal. The French engineer Alexander Eiffel, who was famous for his Eiffel Tower in Paris, figured out how to make the heavy statue stand.
In the years after the statue was put up, many immigrants came to the United States through New York. As they entered New York Harbor, they saw the Statue of Liberty holding up her torch. She symbolized a welcome to a land of freedom.
Vocabulary
3.Complete the sentences. Circle the letter of the correct answer.
Grammar Focus: The Definite Article The with Geographical Names and Places
We use the with: the names of rivers(theNile), seas(the Black Sea), oceans( the Pacific), canals (the Panama Canal), groups of islands(the Canary Islands), mountain ranges ( theAlps), countrieswhen they include words such as state, Kingdom, republic (the United Kingdom) and the names or nouns with ‘of ’(the Leaning tower of Pisa) NOTE: theequator, the North/South Pole, the North of England, thesouth/west/north /east | We don’t use the with: the names of countries (Italy but: the Netherlands, theLebanon, theSudan, the Vatican City), cities(Paris), streets(Oxford Street, but: theHigh Street, the Strand, the Mall, theLondon Road, theA19, theM6 motorway), squares(Trafalgar Square), bridges (Tower Bridge), parks(Hyde Park), railway stations (Victoria Station), mountains (Ben Nevis), individual islands (Tahiti), lakes (Lake Geneva), continents(Africa). |
the names of cinemas (theRex), hotels( the Carlton), theatres ( theGlobe), museums (the British Museum), galleries(the Tate Gallery), newspapers/magazines (theTimes butTime magazine), ships (the Mary Rose), organizations (the EU). | two-word names when the first word is the name of a person or a place(Gatwick Airport, Windsor Castle but: theWhite House) |
names of pubs, restaurants, shops, banks and hotels named after people who started them and end in –s or ‘s (Lloyds Bank, Harrods, Dave’s Pub but:the Red Lion (pub) |
4.Complete the sentences with the correct article.
Use a or the. If no article is necessary, write –.
Example: The statue stands on an island in – New York Harbor.
1. … Statue of … Liberty was … gift to … United States from … people of … France.
2. Over … years … France and … United States had … special relationship.
3. In … 1776 … France helped … American colonies to gain … independence from … England.
4. … French paid for … statue.
6. … American people paid for … pedestal.
6. We saw…. Buckingham Palace and …. Houses of Parliament on our tour yesterday.
7. … British Museum and … Louvre hold the collections of art treasures.
8. We’ll get off at … Waterloo Station.
5.Work in pairs. a)Look for main ideas andcircle the letter of the best answer.
1. The Statue of Liberty is a famous statue in … .
a. France b. The United States
2. The Statue of liberty was a gift … .
a. form the people of France to the USA
b. from Laboulaye and Eiffel to the USA
3. The Statue of Liberty symbolizes … .
a. a woman with a torch b. land of freedom
b)Look for details andcircle T if the sentence is true or circle F if the sentence is false.
1.Twelve people can stand inside the torch of the Statue of Liberty. T F
2.The United States helped France to gain its independence in 1776. T F
3.Alexander Eiffel was among the guests at Laboulayes’s house. T F
4.Frederic Auguste Bartholdi was a French engineer. T F
5.Alexander Eiffel figured out how to make the statue stand. T F
6.Americans designed the pedestal for the statue.
6.Discuss the answers to these questions with your group-mates.
1. What other famous statues or monuments can you think of?
2. When we think of New York, we think of the Statue of Liberty and the Empire State Building. List five other cities and the buildings, statues, and places they make you think of.
3. Do you have any famous statues or monuments in your country? What are they?
B) Einstein on the tram
Albert Einstein had 1___ first idea about 2____ Theory of 3____ Relativity when he was traveling home from 4____ work on the tram in Geneva.
Ernest received his early education in Government school and at the age of 16 entered Nelson Collegiate School. In 1899 he was awarded a University scholarship and he proceeded to the University of New Zealand, Wellington, where he entered Canterbury College. He graduated M.A. in 1893 with a double first in mathematics and physical science and he continued with research at the college for a short time receiving the B.Sc. degree the following year. In 1897 he was awarded the B.A. Research Degree.
Rutherford's first researches in New Zealand were concerned with the magnetic properties of iron exposed to high-frequency oscillations and this thesis was entitled "Magnetization of Iron Frequency Discharges". He was one of the first to design highly original experiments with high-frequency alternating currents.
On his arrival at Cambridge his talents were quickly recognized by Professor Thomson. He worked jointly with Thomson on the behaviour of ions observed in gases which had been treated with x-rays. In 1898 he reported the existence of alpha and beta rays in uranium radiation and indicated some of their properties.
In Manchester, Rutherford continued his research on the properties of the radium emanation with H. Geiger, he devised a method of detecting a single alpha particle and counting the number emitted from radium. In 1910, his investigations into scattering of alpha raysand the nature of the inner structure of the atom led to the postulation of his concept of the "nucleus" his greatest contribution to physics. According to him practically the whole mass of the atom, and at the same time all positive chargeof the atom concentrated in a minute space at the centre.
An inspiring leader of the Cavendish Laboratory, he steered numerous future Nobel Prize Winners towards their great achievements. Chadwick, Blackett, Cockroff, Walton C.D. Ellis, his co-author in 1919 and 1930, pointed out "that the majority of the experiments at the Cavendish were really started by Rutherford's direct or indirect suggestion".
Rutherford was knighted in 1914, he was appointed to the Order of Merit in 1925. He was elected Fellow of the Royal Society in 1903 and was its President from 1925 to 1930, Amongst his many honours, he was awarded D.Sc. degree of the University of New Zealand and honorary doctorates from the Universities of Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, Birmingham, Edinburgh, Melbourne, Yale, Glasgow, Giessen, Copenhagen, Cambridge, Durhan, Oxford, Liverpool, Toronto, Bristol, Capetown, London and Leeds.
He died in Cambridge on October 19, 1937. His ashes were buried in the naveof Westminster Abbey, just west of Sir Isaac Newton's tomb and by that of Lord Kelvin.
2.Supply with the English equivalents from the text:
3.Read the text again to find the answer to the questions:
1. Where was Rutherford born?
2. What family did he come from?
3. Where did he receive his early education?
4. When did he continue his research?
5. What discovery did he make in New Zealand?
6. What were his greatest discoveries?
7. Which of his contributions to physics remain valid?
8. What honours did he have?
4.Use the appropriate tense forms in the Passive voice:
1. He ……..(bear) in Nelson, New Zealand in 1871.
2. In 1899 he …. …… (award) a University scholarship.
3. His first researches …. …..(concerned) with the magnetic properties of iron.
4. His talents ………( recognize) by Professor Thomson.
5. Rutherford ……(knight) in 1914 and ……(appoint to) the Order of Merit in 1925.
6. The scientist’s ashes … …… (bury) in Westminster Abbey.
5.Complete the sentences with the information from the text:
1. E. Rutherford was born in a family……….. . .
2. He received his early education in …………… .
3. He graduated M.A. with …………………... .
4. In 1897 he……………………… .
5. He worked jointly with Thomson on…………….. .. .
6. He devised a method of …………………. .
7. In 1914 he - and in 1925 he………………. .
8. E. Rutherford was the first to carry out experiments with……..……
9. He discovered alpha and beta rays……….…… .
10. E. Rutherford came to conclusion that the whole mass of atom ad its positive charge……….. .
6.Sum up the text using the key-words:
· Rutherford's origin
· his main interests
· his main discoveries in physics
· Rutherford's contribution to chemistry
· his honours
TEXT B
TEXT C
to suck the dust – всасывать пыль
to make a fortune – заработать/получить состояние
wheel – колесо
3.Read the stories about the invention of two of these useful things and complete the blanks.
The man who invented this useful machine was called Hubert Cecil Booth. But the idea wasn’t completely original. In 1901, Mr. Booth saw a show at the theatre in which the ‘real’ inventor showed how to clean a room with a magic machine. The only problem was that it blew the dirt! It didn’t suck it up. It just moved it around. Everyone in the front seats started sneezing! Booth spoke to the inventor, ‘Your machine is wonderful, but it should suck not blow.’ ‘That’s not possible!’ said the angry inventor. ‘Yes, it is,’ replied Booth and he went away and made a simple change to the design. He made a machine which sucked the dust into a bag, and he made his fortune. The most famous name connected with this machine is not Booth, however. In Britain, it is Hoover, the name of one of the first companies to manufacture these machines, and we even use the name as a verb. We often say ‘I’m just going to hoover the floor,’ when we go the cupboard to get out the __________.
The most famous name connected with this useful machine is Singer. Isaac Singer did not invent the first machine of this type but he thought of an improvement to the origin design. In 1851, the first Singer _________ machines were sold. They weren’t electric, of course. You made the needle go up and down by moving a pedal with your foot. The pedal moved wheels which were connected with the needle. The Singer factory in Coventry also made bicycles and then cars because the mechanism of the wheels was very similar in all these machines.
4.Discuss in pairs the answer to the following questions:
1. Which machines are being described?
Use your general knowledge and the description to find out.
Vocabulary Study: machines, gadgets, devices, appliances
5.You all know what a machine is. Look at the machines in exercise 2.
Which definition do you think is the best? Add ideas of your own.
1. A machine is something which is made by people. You don’t find it in the natural world.
2. A machine is something made by people, which has moving parts and which helps us to do useful things.
3. A machine has moving parts like wheels.
4. A machine can be operated by people, with their hands and feet, but it can also use electricity or wind or water to make its parts move.
6. Look up these words in the dictionary and explain the difference in their meanings.
Make the list of gadgets, appliances and devices known to you
equipment
facilities
gadget ( key finder, ……)
appliance ( an electric kettle, …..)
device ( a computer, ……)
Grammar Focus: Infinitives and Gerunds after prepositions
Infinitives | Gerunds |
An iron is used to press clothes. You can use it to press clothes. | A remote control is used for switching to another channel. You can use it for controlling from a distance. |
7.Write four questions about gadgets in your home. Then take turns asking your questions.
e. g. What is your computer used for?
II. Great Inventors
TEXT B
THOMAS ALVA EDISON ( 1847-1931)
Project Work
11.Work in groups of four. Suppose you are to write a film script about Edison’s life.
Say which facts you would choose for a documentary film and which episodes from Edison’s life you would select for a feature film. Say what evidence you can find in the story that:
UNIT 10 RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
SCIENTIFIC ACHIEVEMENTS: STUDY OF SPACE
Focus: Space Station Mir. The Hubble Telescope.
Grammar Focus: Conditional Sentences
Skills Focus: Reading for specific information about Russian and American scientific achievements in space exploration; making presentation; describing tools.
TEXT A
Writing
5. A New Telescope
Your friend has a new telescope. Write a letter asking him about it.
1. Use these notes to help you.
The new telescope – modern, size, price
What he can see with it stars, planets, the moon
If he can take photographs – camera, connect to computer
Can you use it? – send photos
2. Include some of these words and phrases such as: how much/far, can you, connect to, through,
love to, show me.
APPENDIX
SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS TO Module 1 Education, Unit 2, Task 7
tuxedo – смокинг
Text 1
Text 2
cheer – одобрительное приветствие, восклицание, аплодисменты
Text 3
Pledge of Allegiance – обет/клятва верности/преданности
SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS TO Module 3 Cities
TEXT A
TEXT B
TEXT C
Grammar Focus
Read the text about the longest undergrounds in the world. Compare Novosibirsk Metro line with other undergrounds.
– Конец работы –
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