Customs Tariffs in Russia - раздел Философия, Part III CUSTOMS Unit VIII CUSTOMS TARIFFS, TAXES AND DUTIES In Every Country Import-Export Rates Are Supposed To Fulfil Four Functions:...
In every country import-export rates are supposed to fulfil four functions:
to protect home producers from foreign competition in order to increase their own competitiveness in the domestic market;
to limit exporting products in which there is a shortage in this country and to regulate foreign trade transactions for political interests;
to supply local consumers, both legal entities and individuals1, with products which are not produced in this country or produced insufficiently;
to provide the state budget with additional financial resources.
In order to put these issues into practice2, the Russian government changed its import rates in 1994. The change of import duties3 affects mostly the status of foodstuff imports. Inflation and the subsequent price increases for energy, equipment and other materials make storage, processing the products and their packing very expensive. Foreign suppliers have the opportunity to sell products at lower prices, though sometimes their products are of lower quality. Food intervention of imported goods has led to the reduction in the production of some agricultural products inside Russia. So the change of customs tariffs is based on an objective necessity to protect local commodity producers and does not conflict with the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. Customs duties are levied only on those types of products which are produced in sufficient quantities.
The level of imposition by import rates4 was increased at an average of five to seven percent. Formely, the import rates were calculated as a percentage of the customs value of the imported goods. At the present time there is a universal order for introducing rates as an absolute sum for the imported unit (kilogram, liter, piece) value. For some types of agricultural products, mainly fruits and vegetables, seasonal duties with limited duration are in force.
Apart from the duties on foodstuffs the duties on some types of industrial products have also been increased. This step of the government is related to the fact that during the last several years Russian industry has experienced difficulties connected with the success of sale of imported cars, electronics, and some other types of industrial import. Duty rates have been increased on different transport vehicles, on completing articles5 for assembling electronics and computers, on consumer electronics6 and on metal-cutting machines. The minimum duty sums per one item for cars depend now on the engine volume and the year of production.
The regulations for granting a delay in payment for import duties have also been changed. Previously, the delay was permitted for a period of no more than thirty days. This delay was granted to the importer with no additional fees or expenses. Under the new regulations, this period is prolonged up to sixty days, but a certain interest is collected7 throughout the whole duration of the delay.
Export duties in Russia were set up in 1992. At that time world prices were much higher than internal ones and export was highly profitable, though it seriously hurt the level of domestic consumption8. Nowadays, in relation to the increase in domestic prices, the existence of export duties negatively affects the ability for long-term export deals9. So export duties are supposed to be cancelled in future.
Unit VIII CUSTOMS TARIFFS TAXES AND DUTIES... EPISODE Customs Tariffs in Russia In... Vocabulary Notes on the Text...
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Customs Tariffs in Russia
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Read and translate the text.
2. Translate the following words and learn their pronunciation:
inflation; intervention; imposition; consumption; resourses; entities; tariffs; vehicles; materials; status
Vocabulary and Speech Exercises
9. Insert appropriate prepositions:
1. All taxes, customs duties and other charges levied__connection __the performance__this Contract__Russia are to be paid__the Sellers
Free Econimic Zones (FEZ)
A: I say, did you hear anything about free economic zones?
В: What actually interests you about them?
A: Well, I have a lot of questions. What are they? Who organized them? What i
Read and translate the dialogue.
2. Give English equivalents of the following Russian phrases:
по инициативе местных властей; с разрешения центрального правительства; независимые структурные образования;
Export-Import Documentation
The acquisition of overseas customers is only the first step in selling goods abroad. The job is not complete until a consignee has physically received the consignment and the consigner has been pa
Read and translate the text.
2. Translate the following words and learn their pronunciation:
acquisition; consequence; consignee; cycle; requirements; deferment; certificate; charges; contents; dimens
Vocabulary and Speech Exercises
7. Read and translate the following:
1) The commercial invoice contains the names and addresses of the Sellers and the Buyers, a full description of the goods delivered in
Customs Control of the Cargo
Customs Officer: Good morning. Who’s the captain here?
Captain: Good morning. My name is Brook. What can I do for you?
Customs Officer: Customs control. Please be ready to complet
Read and translate the dialogue.
2. Give the English equivalents of:
таможенный контроль; выполнять таможенные формальности; маршрут; страховой полис; сертификат заводских испытаний; комплект отгрузочных
Vocabulary and Speech Exercises
7. Conduct the following two-way translation:
1. Через какие таможенные формальности должен пройти пассажир, прибывающий в нашу страну или убываю
Read and translate the text.
2. Translate the following words and phrases and learn their pronunciation:
machinery equipment; voyage; vessel; merchandise; harbour; freight rates; quote; particulars; s
Transport Documentation
Every mode of transport has its own specific document which remains the same irrespective of the method of transportation. For air transport it is the air waybill, referred to as the AWB, while for
Read and translate the text.
2. Explain the meaning of the following words and phrases in English:
a CMR form; a bill of lading; an air waybill; a carrier; a consignment note; a haulier; a freight for
Vocabulary and Speech Exercises
6. Complete the following sentences using the appropriate words and word expressions from the box below:
commodity; import or export documents; p
Read and translate the dialogue.
2. Find in the text English equivalents of the following:
взять на себя управление таможенной разведывательной службой; понимание роли разведывательного таможенного управл
Vocabulary and Speech Exercises
5. Read and translate the following text:
Abridged from Pulcovo Aviation Enterprise Inflight magazine.
The struggle against smuggling and violation of Cu
Chartering of Ships
When the senders of goods have very large shipments to make, especially when it concerns bulk cargoes, it is of greater advantage to them to have a whole ship at their disposal. They do not need to
Read and translate the text.
2. Translate the following words and learn their pronunciation:
shipowners; brokers; crews; bulk; cargo; exchange; tramp; fleet; slowness; apparatus; chartering; intermedi
Types of Payments in Foreign Trade
Payment of goods supplied in the local trade is a rather simple matter. It is made either in advance or within a sensibly short period after delivery. If a buyer fails to pay, there comes legal act
Read and translate the text.
2. Translate the following words and learn their pronunciation:
acceptor; creditor; debtor; discredit; failure; reputation; transference; transaction; binding; fundamental
Vocabulary and Speech Exercises
6. Fill in the required prepositions:
1) Payment__goods__the home trade is made either__advance or__a reasonably short period__delivery.
2) There is little time l
Discussing Terms of Payment Over a Phone
Customer: Good morning, Mr Galiano. My reason for calling you up is to tell you that we have decided to place an order with your company and would be glad if you could give it your early attention.
Read and translate the following dialogue. Act it out in pairs.
A. Have you considered our request to grant us credit for the construction of two supermarkets in our city?
B. Yes, we have. We know that you are carrying out a wide program of national de
Settlement of Accounts
When the buyer’s order is received by the manufacturer it is acknowledged by letter or postcard. The order is then passed for execution - by the Sales Manager and his department - and the work of p
Read and translate the Text.
2. Translate the following words and learn their pronunciation:
accounts; cheque; concession; non-payment; remittance; settlement; due; overdue; valuable; notifying; total
The Reason For Insuring Goods
The general idea of insurance is to gain indemnity1 in the case of any happening that may cause loss of money.
Insurance has become more and more significant as commerce has dev
Read and translate the text.
2. Translate the following words and learn their pronunciation:
indemnity; burglary; threat; premium; coverage; average; pilferage; vibration; hazards; adventure; financia
Vocabulary and Speech Exercises
9. Insert the appropriate prepositions:
1) Nowadays carrying__goods can be effected__sea,__air,__rail and__road. One transaction may involve both land and sea transportati
Ask eight questions about the previous text.
12. Give a free translation of the text:
Страхование - неотъемлемая часть повседневной жизни американцев. В семейном бюджете различного вида страховкам обычно отводится зн
Making an Insurance Claim
- Look, it’s all very well if the goods collected from the port, airport or whatever station is agreed upon are in good condition. But what if as a consignee I got my goods damaged? What am I suppo
Read and translate the dialogue.
2. Pronounce the following words correctly:
circumstances; procedure; nature; replacement; compensation; indemnity; surveyor; qualified; disinterested; scratched; jeopardi
Vocabulary and Speech Exercises
8. Fill in the missing prepositions:
1) Goods are normally insured__certain risks. They are usually insured__the full amount__their value. If they are found__arrival__the
Complaints and Replies to Compalaints
Complaints may be of several kinds, and may arise from delivery of damaged goods, wrong goods, or too few or too many goods. Even if the right articles are supplied in the right quantities, they ma
Read and translate the text.
2. Answer the following questions:
1) What may complaints arise from?
2) In what case do we complain of the quality of goods?
3) What should you mention
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