The Reason For Insuring Goods - раздел Философия, Part III CUSTOMS Unit VIII CUSTOMS TARIFFS, TAXES AND DUTIES The General Idea Of Insurance Is To Gain Indemnity1 In The Case Of...
The general idea of insurance is to gain indemnity1 in the case of any happening that may cause loss of money.
Insurance has become more and more significant as commerce has developed. Neglecting to insure goods either warehoused or in transit is all very well until something goes wrong. While goods are being stored, there are the risks of fire and burglary. With the goods in transit the number of hazards even arise. While transporting, the goods may be damaged through a lot of reasons; for example vibration, an accident, poor handling, change of temperature, etc. And, of course, there is always the threat of pilferage when either a small part of consignment or the total contents of trailers or containers disappear without trace. Consequently, the reason for insuring goods is evident - both the buyer and the seller are protected against financial loss which may arise through no fault of them.
Goods are normally insured for the full amount of their value, which is calculated as: price of goods + cost of freight + insurance premium2 + percentage of the total sum to represent a reasonable profit for the seller. There may be different types of insurance coverage3 - insurance against fire4, theft/burglary insurance5, accidence insurance6 and a lot of others. But the usual procedure is to insure goods
against all risks7. This type of insurance involves a W.A. clause (= "with average"8, where the word "average" derived from French avarie means damage), which denotes that insurers pay claim for partial losses. The F.P.A. ("free of particular average9") type of insurance means that partial losses are not covered.
Particular average denotes partial loss or damage accidentally caused to a particular lot of goods. The responsibility for particular average is set either upon the owner of the lost property or those who caused damage.
In the case of general average10, which means any extraordinary loss, damage or expenditure borne for the purpose of preserving the ship and the cargo, all the parties interested in the adventure are responsible. The following events may serve as examples of general average: when goods are thrown into the sea to lighten the ship, when cargo is damaged by water used to put out a fire, the cost of towing a ship into the port for repair, etc.
The principal document used in insurance is insurance policy which acts as a contract. The policy may be known as a floating policy11, when it covers a large quantity of goods for a fairly long period, usually a year, or it covers goods up to a large sum of money. For each shipment of goods another document is issued, which is called the insurance certificate.
A cover note12 is a small document issued by the insurance agents to their customers, to tell them that their goods are insured, and to give proof of this until the policy is ready.
Unit VIII CUSTOMS TARIFFS TAXES AND DUTIES... EPISODE Customs Tariffs in Russia In... Vocabulary Notes on the Text...
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The Reason For Insuring Goods
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Customs Tariffs in Russia
In every country import-export rates are supposed to fulfil four functions:
to protect home producers from foreign competition in order to increase their own competitiveness in the d
Read and translate the text.
2. Translate the following words and learn their pronunciation:
inflation; intervention; imposition; consumption; resourses; entities; tariffs; vehicles; materials; status
Vocabulary and Speech Exercises
9. Insert appropriate prepositions:
1. All taxes, customs duties and other charges levied__connection __the performance__this Contract__Russia are to be paid__the Sellers
Free Econimic Zones (FEZ)
A: I say, did you hear anything about free economic zones?
В: What actually interests you about them?
A: Well, I have a lot of questions. What are they? Who organized them? What i
Read and translate the dialogue.
2. Give English equivalents of the following Russian phrases:
по инициативе местных властей; с разрешения центрального правительства; независимые структурные образования;
Export-Import Documentation
The acquisition of overseas customers is only the first step in selling goods abroad. The job is not complete until a consignee has physically received the consignment and the consigner has been pa
Read and translate the text.
2. Translate the following words and learn their pronunciation:
acquisition; consequence; consignee; cycle; requirements; deferment; certificate; charges; contents; dimens
Vocabulary and Speech Exercises
7. Read and translate the following:
1) The commercial invoice contains the names and addresses of the Sellers and the Buyers, a full description of the goods delivered in
Customs Control of the Cargo
Customs Officer: Good morning. Who’s the captain here?
Captain: Good morning. My name is Brook. What can I do for you?
Customs Officer: Customs control. Please be ready to complet
Read and translate the dialogue.
2. Give the English equivalents of:
таможенный контроль; выполнять таможенные формальности; маршрут; страховой полис; сертификат заводских испытаний; комплект отгрузочных
Vocabulary and Speech Exercises
7. Conduct the following two-way translation:
1. Через какие таможенные формальности должен пройти пассажир, прибывающий в нашу страну или убываю
Read and translate the text.
2. Translate the following words and phrases and learn their pronunciation:
machinery equipment; voyage; vessel; merchandise; harbour; freight rates; quote; particulars; s
Transport Documentation
Every mode of transport has its own specific document which remains the same irrespective of the method of transportation. For air transport it is the air waybill, referred to as the AWB, while for
Read and translate the text.
2. Explain the meaning of the following words and phrases in English:
a CMR form; a bill of lading; an air waybill; a carrier; a consignment note; a haulier; a freight for
Vocabulary and Speech Exercises
6. Complete the following sentences using the appropriate words and word expressions from the box below:
commodity; import or export documents; p
Read and translate the dialogue.
2. Find in the text English equivalents of the following:
взять на себя управление таможенной разведывательной службой; понимание роли разведывательного таможенного управл
Vocabulary and Speech Exercises
5. Read and translate the following text:
Abridged from Pulcovo Aviation Enterprise Inflight magazine.
The struggle against smuggling and violation of Cu
Chartering of Ships
When the senders of goods have very large shipments to make, especially when it concerns bulk cargoes, it is of greater advantage to them to have a whole ship at their disposal. They do not need to
Read and translate the text.
2. Translate the following words and learn their pronunciation:
shipowners; brokers; crews; bulk; cargo; exchange; tramp; fleet; slowness; apparatus; chartering; intermedi
Types of Payments in Foreign Trade
Payment of goods supplied in the local trade is a rather simple matter. It is made either in advance or within a sensibly short period after delivery. If a buyer fails to pay, there comes legal act
Read and translate the text.
2. Translate the following words and learn their pronunciation:
acceptor; creditor; debtor; discredit; failure; reputation; transference; transaction; binding; fundamental
Vocabulary and Speech Exercises
6. Fill in the required prepositions:
1) Payment__goods__the home trade is made either__advance or__a reasonably short period__delivery.
2) There is little time l
Discussing Terms of Payment Over a Phone
Customer: Good morning, Mr Galiano. My reason for calling you up is to tell you that we have decided to place an order with your company and would be glad if you could give it your early attention.
Read and translate the following dialogue. Act it out in pairs.
A. Have you considered our request to grant us credit for the construction of two supermarkets in our city?
B. Yes, we have. We know that you are carrying out a wide program of national de
Settlement of Accounts
When the buyer’s order is received by the manufacturer it is acknowledged by letter or postcard. The order is then passed for execution - by the Sales Manager and his department - and the work of p
Read and translate the Text.
2. Translate the following words and learn their pronunciation:
accounts; cheque; concession; non-payment; remittance; settlement; due; overdue; valuable; notifying; total
Read and translate the text.
2. Translate the following words and learn their pronunciation:
indemnity; burglary; threat; premium; coverage; average; pilferage; vibration; hazards; adventure; financia
Vocabulary and Speech Exercises
9. Insert the appropriate prepositions:
1) Nowadays carrying__goods can be effected__sea,__air,__rail and__road. One transaction may involve both land and sea transportati
Ask eight questions about the previous text.
12. Give a free translation of the text:
Страхование - неотъемлемая часть повседневной жизни американцев. В семейном бюджете различного вида страховкам обычно отводится зн
Making an Insurance Claim
- Look, it’s all very well if the goods collected from the port, airport or whatever station is agreed upon are in good condition. But what if as a consignee I got my goods damaged? What am I suppo
Read and translate the dialogue.
2. Pronounce the following words correctly:
circumstances; procedure; nature; replacement; compensation; indemnity; surveyor; qualified; disinterested; scratched; jeopardi
Vocabulary and Speech Exercises
8. Fill in the missing prepositions:
1) Goods are normally insured__certain risks. They are usually insured__the full amount__their value. If they are found__arrival__the
Complaints and Replies to Compalaints
Complaints may be of several kinds, and may arise from delivery of damaged goods, wrong goods, or too few or too many goods. Even if the right articles are supplied in the right quantities, they ma
Read and translate the text.
2. Answer the following questions:
1) What may complaints arise from?
2) In what case do we complain of the quality of goods?
3) What should you mention
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